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Last Biology 1060 Quiz

Terms in this set (30)

Worldwide Causes of Human Death
These 10 leading causes of death account for about 51% of deaths worldwide. Percentages relative to total number of deaths are indicated in each slice. Infectious diseases account for about 25% of all deaths, but pneumonia, diarrheal disease, and HIV/AIDS are the only infectious diseases among the leading 10. Similarly, cardiovascular diseases claim about 30% of all deaths, but only heart attacks and strokes are among the leading 10.

Differences in environmental and social conditions and the age structure of populations cause significant differences in the leading causes of death in wealthy and poor countries. The leading 10 represent about 50% of all deaths in both sets of countries.
Physical:
geological events such as earthquakes, weather events such as blizzards and floods, and the effects of radiation, such as that from ultraviolet light
Chemical:
pollutants in water, air, and food
Biological:
diverse array of organisms that cause or transmit infectious disease
Cultural:
consequence of where people live, their occupations, and their lifestyle choices (e.g., smoking)
Physical Hazards in the Environment
• Geological hazards
- Earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes

• Weather hazards
- Hurricanes/typhoons
- Floods

• Fire in the environment: Wildfires
The Geography of Earthquake Hazards
Severe earthquakes are most likely near the boundaries of Earth's major tectonic plates. This includes the west coast of the Americas and much of Asia and the Middle East.
Earthquake Magnitude and Intensity
The Richter magnitude scale expresses the energy released during an earthquake. The earthquake intensity scale indicates its effects on people and buildings. The 2011 earthquake centered off the east coast of Japan had a magnitude of 9.0 and an intensity of X
A Tale of Two Cities
In 2010, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake in Haiti devastated its capitol city, Port au Prince Ⓐ.


That year a magnitude 7.2 earthquake near Mexicali, Mexico, resulted in property damage and loss of human life that were modest in comparison

Ⓑ. Building codes are far stricter in Mexico and the United States than in Haiti.
Forming a Tsunami
Tsunami waves may be hardly noticed as they move across the open ocean, but their height is magnified as they move into the shallow water near coasts.
Hurricane and Typhoon Tracks
Powerful tropical storms are much more frequent in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere. They pose the greatest risk to eastern Asia, the Caribbean, and eastern North America.
Wildfire and the Wildland-Urban Interface
In southern California, the development of homes in fire-prone areas has increased the risk of wildfire to human life and property. Such development has also provided fuel to carry fires into more urban areas.
Toxicology
-Scientific discipline that studies chemical poisons and effect on human health

• Dose-response curves
• Toxicity threshold
• Median lethal dose (LD50)
Acute Exposure
Short-term
Chronic exposure
Long-term
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