Anth. 105 Final Exam

Alec Jeffreys
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Terms in this set (34)
Alec Jeffreys
invented DNA fingerprinting
1- Collection of sample
2- Isolation of DNA from sample
3- Process DNA for profile
4- analyze
5 - Comare & Interpret samples
DNA Comparison Process (5)
DNA Databases
...
1- criminal violence / homicide
2- by accident or suicide
3- of sudden nature
4-unattended by physician
5- in custody of state
6- suspicious or unusual manner
Deaths must be investigated if 6
Coroner
Can be elected or appointed, no formal medical training necessary.
Medical Examiner
Physicians with specialized training in forensic pathology.
Pathologist
Doctor who studies and diagnoses diseases in humans.
Forensic Pathologist
A pathologist that studies disease and trauma that leads to death.
Autopsy
standard dissection of the body
Who is the victim?
What are the injuries/ when did they occur?
Why and how were they produced?
Forensic Pathology aims 3
Mechanical TraumaWhen applied force exceeds the strength of the tissue (sharp force v blunt force trauma v ballistic trauma)Timing of trauma 3antemortem, perimortem, postmortemMNIminimum number of individuals1- Sex / sexual dimorphism 2- age 3- ancestry/ race 4- statureParts of biological profile 41- pelvis 2-long bones 3- skullparts of the body that make sexual dimorphism apparent- allows for recovery of all physical evidence - maximizes the completeness of body recovery - replicable & defensible proceduresthree benefits of archeological approachTaphonomythe study of organic remains from the time of death to the time of discoveryDecompositionsystematic breakdown of tissue influenced by environment, autolysis (cell death), & animal activity.Autolysisthe spontaneous breakdown of cells as they self-digest1- fresh 2- bloat 3- active decay 4-advanced decay 5- dry remains /skeletonazation5 stages of decomposition- initial insect activity three initial stages include: 1- livor mortis (blood settling causing discoloration) 2- algor mortis (body cooling) 3- rigor mortisdescribe fresh stage of decomplivor mortisthe settling of blood that causes skin color changes and can determine if a body has been movedalgor mortisPost-mortem cooling of the body to the surrounding temperature. Can be determined by liver or rectal temp. Usually drops by about two degrees per hour.rigor mortisstiffness of the body that sets in several hours after death, eventually subsidesPutrifactionCaused by bacterial activity which causes the body to bloatAdipocerefatty substance occurring in corpses left in moist areasSkeletonizationoccurs when the soft tissue is removed from the bones1- temp 2- insect access 3- sunlight v shade 4- humidity 5- geography 6- individual variationfactors affecting decomp - 6TSDTime since deathblow fliesflies that are often first to arrive at the bodyDermisted Beetledo not eat moist flesh and pupate near body often & returnForensic EntomologyThe study of insects and their relation to a criminal investigationintense & increased soft tissue decomposition liquefaction hair mat formation skin cracking disintegrationcharacteristics of active decay 6characteristics of sharp force traumasharp and straight margins blade striae shearing of bone surfaces cut marks saw marks