Bustos Summer review

A radiograph demonstrating acceptable exposure was made at
60 in. using 200 mA with 400 ms, 77 kVp, and a 10:1 grid on a single phase unit.
A second exposure is requested at 40 in. using a 5:1 grid with 90 kVp on a high frequency unit. What new mAs is need to maintain exposure?
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Terms in this set (57)
A radiograph demonstrating acceptable exposure was made at
60 in. using 200 mA with 400 ms, 77 kVp, and a 10:1 grid on a single phase unit.
A second exposure is requested at 40 in. using a 5:1 grid with 90 kVp on a high frequency unit. What new mAs is need to maintain exposure?
4 mAs
The volume of the irradiated tissue decreases as
1. field size decreases
2. patient thickness increases
3. collimation increases
1 and 3 only
An x-ray image of the ankle was made at 40 SID, 200 mA, .004 s, 70 kV, 0.6 mm focal spot, and minimal OID. Which of the following modifications would result in the greatest increase in magnification?
1.2 mm focal spot
36 in. SID
44 in. SID
4 in OID
4 in OID
Recorded detail can be improved by decreasing
1. the SID
2. the OID
3. patient/part motion
2 and 3 only
Greater latitude is available to the radiographer in which of the following circumstances?
1. Using a high-kV technical factors
2. Using a low-ratio grid
3. Using low-kV technical factors
1 and 2 only
All the following are related to recorded detail except
MA
FS size
SID
OID
MA
15% milliampere-seconds A decrease in will result kilovoltage in accompanied a(n) by a 50% increase in
A. shorter scale of contrast
B. increase in exposure latitude
C. increase in radiographic density
D. decrease in recorded detail
shorter scale of contrast
Which of the following influence(s) the production of scattered radiation?
1. Kilovoltage level
2. Tissue density
3. Size of field
1, 2, and 3
A radiograph demonstrating acceptable exposure was made at 40 in. using 100 mA with 30 ms, 104 kVp, a 10:1 grid and using a 50 RS screen.

A second exposure is requested at 56 in. using a 12:1 grid with 90 kVp and a 100 RS screen. What new exposure time (ms) is need to maintain exposure if the mA is changed to 200 mA?
29 ms
Compared with a low-ratio grid, a high-ratio grid will
1. allow more centering latitude
2. absorb more scattered radiation
3. absorb more primary radiation
2 and 3 only
Factors that determine the production of scattered radiation include 1. field size 2. beam restriction 3. kilovoltage1, 2, and 3Identify the set of factors below that will yield the greatest radiographic exposure.AIf a satisfactory radiograph is obtained at 60 inches which a patient exposure of 12 mR, what will the patient exposure be if the distance is increased to 72 inches?8.3 mRGrid interspace material can be made of 1. carbon fiber 2. aluminum 3. plastic fiber2 and 3 onlyThe exposure factors used for a particular nongrid x-ray image were 300 mA, 4 ms, and 90 kV. Another image, using an 8:1 grid, is requested. Which of the following groups of factors is most appropriate?I 400 mA, 12 ms, 90 kVAn exposure was made of a part using 300 mA and 0.06 second with a 200-speed film-screen combination. An Additional radiograph is requested using a 400-speed system to reduce motion unsharpness. Using 400 mA, all other factors remaining constant, what should be the new exposure time to maintain exposure?22 msIdentify the set of factors below that will yield the greatest radiographic exposure.BAn increase in kilovoltage will have which of the following effects? 1. More scattered radiation will be produced. 2. The exposure rate will increase. 3. Radiographic contrast will increase.1 and 2 onlyShape distortion is influenced by the relationship between the 1. x-ray tube and the part to be imaged 2. part to be imaged and the IR 3. IR and the x-ray tube1, 2, and 3Identify the set of factors below that will yield the lowest image contrast.CIf 40 mAs and a 200-speed screen-film system were used for a particular exposure, what new milliampere-seconds value would be required to produce the same exposure if the screen-film system were changed to 800 speed?10The direction of electron travel in the x-ray tube iscathode to anodeAn exposure was made using 8 mAs and 60 kV. If the kilovoltage was changed to 70 to obtain longer-scale contrast, what new milliampere- seconds value is required to maintain exposure?4.A grid usually is employed in which of the following circumstances? 1. When radiographing a large or dense body part 2. When using high kilovoltage 3. When a lower patient dose is requiredI 1 and 2 onlyMisalignment of the tube-part-IR relationship results in A. shape distortion B.size distortion C.magnification D.blurshape distortionSubject/object unsharpness can result from all of the following excent when A.object shape does not coincide with the shape of x-ray beam B.object plane is not parallel with x-ray tube and/ or IR C.anatomic object(s) of interest is / are in the path of the CR D.anatomic object(s) on interest is / are a distance from the IRC. anatomic object(s) of interest is / are in the path of the CRThe advantage(s) of high-kilovoltage chest radiography is (are) that 1. exposure latitude is increased 2. it produces long-scale contrast 3. it reduces patient dose1,2, and 3An exposure was made using 300 mA, 40 ms exposure, and 85 kV. Each of the following changes will decrease the radiographic exposure by one half except10 mAsTypes of shape distortion include 1. magnification 2. elongation 3. foreshortening2 and 3 onlyWhich of the following is (are) directly related to photon energy? 1. Kilovoltage 2. MA 3. Wavelength1 onlyAll of the following affect the exposure rate of the primary beam except A.milliamperage B.kilovoltage C.distance D. field sizefield sizeGrid cutoff due to off-centering would result in A. Overall loss of exposure B. both sides of the image being underexposed C.Overexposure under the anode end D. underexposure under the anode endoverall loss of exposureIdentify the set of factors below that will yield the greatest image detail.CAs window level increases A. contrast scale increases B.contrast scale decreases C.brightness increases D.brightness decreasesbrightness increasesThe absorption of useful radiation by a grid is called A. grid selectivity C.grid cleanup B. grid cutoff D.latitudegrid cutoffAcceptable method(s) for minimizing motion unsharpness is (are) 1. suspended respiration 2. short exposure time 3. patient instruction1, 2, and 3Which of the following will influence recorded detail? 1. Dynamic range 2. Part motion 3. Focal spot2 and 3 onlyDisadvantages of using low-kilovoltage technical factors include 1. insufficient penetration 2. increases patient dose 3. diminished latitude1, 2, and 3In comparison with 60 kV, 80 kV will 1. permit greater exposure latitude 2. produce more scattered radiation 3. produce shorter-scale contrast1 and 2 onlyCauses of grid cutoff, when using focused reciprocating grids, include the following? 1 Inadequate SID 2. X-ray tube off-center with the long axis of the lead strips 3. Angling the beam in the direction of the lead strips1 onlyThe attenuation of x-ray photons is not influenced by 1. pathology 2. structure atomic number 3. photon quantity3onlyWhich of the following groups of factors would produce the least radipgraphic exposure? A.400 mA, 0.010 second, 94 kV, 100-speed screens B.500 mA, 0.008 second, 94 kV, 200-speed screens C. 200 mA, 0.040 second, 94 kV, 50-speed screens D. 100 mA, 0.020 second, 80 kV, 200-speed screens100 mA, 0.020 second, 80 kV, 200-speed screensGeometric unsharpness is directly influenced by 1. OID 2. SOD 3. SID1 onlyThe exposure factor of 400 mA, 70ms, and 78 kV were used to produce a particular radiographic exposure and contrast. A similar radiograph can be produced using 500 mA, 90 kV, and28 msDistortion can be caused by 1. tube angle 2. the position of the organ or structure within the body 3. the radiographic positioning for the part1, 2, and 3Identify the set of factors below that will yield the greatest radiographic exposure.DIf an acceptable exposure was made using 200 mA @ 100 ms, 60 kVp at a distance of 40 inches on a low frequency generator, what new time (ms) would be required to maintain the same exposure on a high frequency generator with 69 kVp at 60 inches?56 msImage contrast is a result of 1. differential tissue absorption 2. atomic number of tissue being traversed 3. proper regulation of milliampere-seconds1 and 2 onlyIdentify the set of factors below that will yield the greatest amount of image distortion.BWhich of the following units is (are) used to express resolution? 1. Line-spread function 2. Line pairs per millimeter 3. Line-focus principle1 and 2 onlyA decrease from 200 to 100 mA will result in decrease in which of the following? 1. Wavelength 2. Exposure rate 3. Beam intensity2 and 3 onlyWhat is the ratio of a grid contatining lead strips that are 1.0 mm wide, 5.0 mm high, and seperated by 0.5 mm of interspace material?10:1Exposure factors of 90 kV and 3 mAs are used for a particular nongrid be the new milliampere-seconds value if a 12:1 exposure. What should grid is added?15A 5-in. object to be radiographed at a 44-in. SID lies 6-in. from the IR. What will be the image width?5.7 in.An x-ray exposure of a particular part is made and restricted to a 14 x 17in. field size. The same exposure is repeated, but the x-ray beam is Restricted to a 4 x 4" field compared to the first image the second Image will demonstrate 1. More contrast 2. Higher contrast 3. More density1 and 2 onlySID affects recorded detail in which of the following ways? A.Recorded detail is directly related to SID B.Recorded detail is inversely related to SID C.As SID increases, recorded detail decreases D.SID is no a detail factorRecorded detail is directly related to SIDAn exposure was made at a 36-in. SID using 300 mA, a 30-ms exposure, and 80 kV and an 8:1 grid. It is desired to repeat the radiograph using a 40 inch SID and 70 KV. With all other factors remaing constant what new exposure time will be required to maintain exposure.07 sec