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Biology DNA 🧬

Terms in this set (20)

genes
portions of DNA that code for a specific trait.
Where DNA is found
nucleus
DNA functions
-DNA stores genetic information.
-DNA copies/replicates itself.
-DNA is used to make proteins that express our unique traits
Three parts of a nucleotide
deoxyribose (sugar), phosphate, nitrogen base
4 nitrogenous bases
adenine
guanine
cytosine
thymine
why we are all different
Order of nitrogenous bases makes us unique
base paring rules
The number of Adenine bases = the number of thymine bases
The number of Guanine bases = the number of cytosine bases
A = T
C = G
Franklin
scientist that studied X-rays of DNA
Watson and Crick
scientists that came up with the shape of DNA
shape of DNA
double helix, in which two strands of nucleotide
sequences are wound around each other
double helix characteristics
-The two strands are antiparallel they run is opposite directions.
-Sugars and phosphates make up the side of the ladder.
-Nitrogen bases are paired in the center.
-Strands are complementary which means A pairs with T, and C pairs with G
Complementary strands
A pairs with T, and C pairs with G
DNA polymerase
enzyme that add nucleotides to existing strand and proofreads DNA
DNA helicase
enzyme that Break H bonds and unzip/separate DNA
semiconservative
2 identical DNA molecules each having one of the original strands
Prokaryotic DNA replication
- have single circular DNA, replication starts at one point, continues in both directions until complete
Eukaryotic DNA replication
multiple and linier, replication occurs in multiple spots, continues in both direction until complete
why a template is used in DNA replication
-Template used to not make mistakes
-New molecules are exactly the same
hydrogen bond type
weak, easily broken
bonds used to hold DNA
hydrogen
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