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Geology 101 Beyer, Lectures 8,9,10.

Terms in this set (33)

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a sudden shaking of the ground that is caused by the rapid movement of one block of rock past another block of rock at a fault
When a fault is expressed at the surface, it is called a __________.
fault scarp
The name of the site where slippage begins and earthquake waves radiate outward is called the __________.
hypocenter
If the stress applied to the rock is greater than rock strength, what happens?
Blocks of rock will slide relative to one another along a fault, causing an earthquake.
The hanging wall moves __________ relative to the footwall in a __________ fault.
down; normal dip-slip
Which of the following might be seen where strike-slip movement has occurred?
offset fences
______ faults are associated with ______ plate boundaries.
Megathrust; convergent
Most of the world's largest earthquakes happen around the rim of the Pacific Ocean. The map below shows the locations of the 15 largest earthquakes in the world since 1900.
ocean-continent convergent (subduction) boundaries
What are the two primary types of waves generated by earthquakes?
surface waves and body waves
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P waves and S waves
Where do body waves and surface waves travel?
Body waves travel within Earth, and surface waves travel along Earth's surface.
Which type of seismic wave can pass through the liquid outer core?
P waves
Use the accompanying seismogram to answer which of the three types of seismic waves reached the seismograph first.
P wave
Refer to the accompanying seismogram in Part A again, and determine the time interval between the arrival of the first P wave and the arrival of the first S wave.
6 minutes
The distance between a seismic station and an earthquake can be determined by the interval between the arrival of the P wave and the arrival of the S wave, as shown in the graph below. Using the data in the seismogram in Part A and your answer to Part B, compute the distance from the seismic station to the earthquake with the accompanying travel-time graph.
about 3000 miles or 4800 kilometers
Referring to the accompanying seismogram, which of the seismic waves had the highest amplitude when it reached the seismic station?
surface waves
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"shaking" particle motion at right angles to the direction of wave travel
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compression and expansion
Amongst all seismic waves, surface waves __________.
have the slowest velocity
The names primary and secondary refer to ___________.
wave speed
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Surface waves show smaller amplitude at Station 2.
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An earthquake with a magnitude of 8.0 releases 32 times more energy than an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0.
How are tsunamis generated?
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What is a tsunami?
a series of water waves that travel away from a fault in all directions at high speed
Why do ships at sea tend not to notice tsunamis?
Tsunamis in deep water have small wave height and long wavelength.
Why does the wave height of a tsunami increase as the tsunami enters shallow water?
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What type of plate boundary are most tsunamis associated with?
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Which ocean is associated with most tsunamis?
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Will Sumatra experience another tsunami like the destructive one of December 2004?
This is likely, because Sumatra is near many ocean trenches.
What influences the amount of destruction that seismic vibrations cause to human-made structures? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.
intensity of the vibrations
duration of the vibrations
the nature of the ground underneath human-made structures
the nature of the building processes and construction processes used
Where in Chile did the magnitude 8.2 earthquake strike in 2014?
Off the coast of northern Chile near the town of Iquique
What was the human impact of the earthquake?
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The tsunami was approximately two meters high and destroyed some fishing boats.
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