Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function

Terms in this set (17)

Osteoarthritis
- local degenerative joint disorder
- associated with aging and wear and tear from repetitive stress
- most common in the world
- NONINFLAMMATORY
- weight-bearing joints are often impacted
- manifestations: joint pain, crepitus, bony enlargement, mild morning stiffness, Heberden and Bouchard nodes
Rheumatoid Arthritis
- systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease
- inflammation --> accumulation of immune cells and infiltration of synovium
- bilateral symmetric poly arthritis involving smaller joints and prolonged stiffness
Osteoporosis
- most common metabolic disease
- rate of bone resorption > bone formation
- fragile bone and fractures
- etiology: estrogen deficiencies, poor calcium intake, disuse
Osteomalacia/Rickets
- vitamin D deficiency causing soft bones
- osteomalacia: adults
- rickets: children
- menu valgum (knock knee), genu varum (bowleg), pain in adults, kyphosis
- etiology: inadequate concentration of vitamin D, calcium or phosphorus; poor cit D metabolism; renal disease
Gout
- hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis
- characterized by excessive uric acid in the blood and around the joints
- some meats, shellfish, all alcohol
Scleroderma
- multisystem inflammatory connective tissue disease
- thickening of skin and collagen deposits
- leads to severe fibrosis
Fractures
- break in continuity of a bone, an epiphyseal plate, or a cartilaginous joint surface
- orientation of break: transverse, longitudinal, oblique, spiral
Muscular Dystrophy
- progressive muscle weakness
- muscle tissue I replaced by fat and fibrous tissue
- impaired mobility
Paget Disease
- slowly progressive
- initial: excessive bone resorption by osteoclast
- leads to: excessive bone formation
- painful bone deformities or bone fractures may develop
comminuted fracture
more than one fracture line and more than two bone fragments
impacted fracture
telescopes or drives one fragment into another
greenstick fracture
incomplete fracture
non displaced fracture
fragments remain in alignment
displaced fracture
ends of fracture fragments are separated
depressed fragment
displaced below the level of bone surface
fracture complications
- delayed healing
- osteonecrosis: avascular necrosis
- DVT and pulmonary embolism
- fat emboli syndrome: bone breaks --> marrow exposed --> fat from marrow dislodges = fat embolism
- fat embolism could lodge in lung vasculature
- compartment syndrome
compartment syndrome
- ORTHOPEDIC EMERGENCY
- complication of soft tissue injury from swelling of injured tissue within restrictive fascia
- reduced capillary flow
- muscle and nerve ischemia --> necrosis
- pain out of proportion to injury, paralysis, paresthesia, pallor, pulselessness
- treatment: emergent decompression
Sets with similar terms