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lifespan development quizzes

Terms in this set (29)

Crimes that are considered "an act inherently and essentially evil, that is immoral in its nature and injurious in its consequence, without any regard to the fact of its being noticed or punished by the law of the state" are called ______.
Mala in se
______ often refers to the various criminal justice agencies and institutions (e.g., police, courts, and corrections) that are interrelated and work together toward common goals.
Criminal Justice
A ______ of crime views the formal system of laws, as well as the enforcement of those laws, as incorporating societal norms for which there is a broad normative consensus.
Consensus perspective
Instances when crimes do not come to the attention of law enforcement or some other criminal justice agency is referred to as ______.
Dark figure(s) of crime
The UCR is broken up into two different types of crime:
Part 1 and Part 2 crimes
What criminal offense is not measured in the NCVS?
Murder
Studies that examine the relative concordance rates for monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
Twin studies
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Members of the same family share ______.
Genetics
Environment
Dopamine is the neurotransmitter largely responsible for good feelings in the brain.
True
According to the module/textbook, which one of the following is NOT one of the elements of routine activities theory that creates a likely crime opportunity?
Time of the day/night
_______ is an explanation of crime that assumes individuals have different behavioral patterns or lifestyles based on their status characteristics which expose them differently to victimization risks.
Lifestyle perspective
According to lifestyle theory, the elderly is far less likely to be victimized than young males.
True
Durkheim's proposed theory included the concept of "anomie," which can best be defined as
Normlessness
According to Merton's theory, which type of individual deals with strain by emphasizing the conventional GOALS of success without any consideration for the conventional MEANS of gaining such success?
Innovators
In Shaw and McKay's theoretical model, which zone was predicted to have the most crime and delinquency, largely due to other social problems there?
Zone in transition
______ claimed that much of human behavior, especially the way cities grow, follows the basic principles of ecology that had been documented and applied to wildlife (e.g., animals, plants) for many years at that point.
Robert E. Park
According to Shaw and McKay, the neighborhoods that have the highest rates of crime typically have all of the following common problems EXCEPT:
Residential stability
All of the following are considered part of the six (6) focal concerns proposed by Miller EXCEPT:
Engagement
Ferracuti and Wolfgang's primary conclusion was that violence is a culturally learned adaptation to deal with negative life circumstances and that learning such norms occurs in an environment that emphasizes violence over other options.
True
Which theorist wrote a significant on inner-city, African American subculture titled The Code of the Streets?
Anderson
Sutherland was interested in explaining:
how criminal values and attitudes could be culturally transmitted from one generation to another
All of the following are considered learning theories EXCEPT:
collective conscience theory
Learning theories believe that individuals enter the world with a blank slate, or tabula rasa.
True
______ assumes that all people would naturally commit crimes if not for restraints on the selfish tendencies that exist in every individual.
Control theory
The four constructs of social bonding theory is made up of all of the following EXCEPT:
Conformity
General theory of crime proposes that individuals either develop self-control by age 8-10 or do not. Those who do not, will manifest criminal or deviant behaviors throughout life.
True
______ assumes that criminal behavior increases because certain individuals are caught and branded as offenders.
Labeling theory
______, in labeling theory, is the type of minor, infrequent offending people commit before they are caught and labeled as offenders.
Primary deviance
Cooley noted that primary groups are those characterized by intimate and personal interactions. Some of the most important primary groups are all of the following EXCEPT:
celebrities
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