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WH - Chapter 34.2 - The Colonies Become New Nations - Section 2 - Southeast Asian Nations Gain Independence

Terms in this set (11)

Bell Act
in order to get the United States $620 million in war damages, the U.S. government insisted that Filipinos approve this act. It would establish free trade between the United States and the Philippines for eight years, to be followed by gradually increasing tariffs.
Ferdinand Marcos
was elected president of the Philippines in 1965. The country suffered under his rule from 1966 to 1986. Marcos imposed an authoritarian regime and stole millions of dollars from the public treasury.
Corazón Aquino
Winner of the 1986 presidential elections in the Philippines but Marcos refused to acknowledge her victory. When he declared himself the official winner, a public outcry resulted. He was forced into exile in Hawaii, where he later died. In 1995.
Aung San Suu Kyi
returned to Burma after many years abroad. She is the daughter of Aung San, a leader of the Burmese nationalists' army killed years before by political rivals. Aung San Suu Kyi became active in the newly formed National League for Democracy. For her pro-democracy activities, she was placed under house arrest for six years by the government. In the 1990 election—the country's first multiparty election in 30 years—the National League for Democracy won 80 percent of the seats.
Sukarno
Leading the effort to establish an independent Indonesia was known only by his one name. In August 1945, two days after the Japanese surrendered, Sukarno proclaimed Indonesia's independence and named himself president. A guerrilla army backed him. The Dutch, supported initially by Britain and the United States, attempted to regain control of Indonesia. But after losing the support of the United Nations and the United States, the Dutch agreed to grant Indonesia its independence in 1949.
Suharto
A general named In 1965, a group of junior army officers attempted a coup. He put down the rebellion. He then seized power for himself and began a bloodbath in which 500,000 to 1 million Indonesians were killed. Suharto, officially named president in 1967, turned Indonesia into a police state and imposed frequent periods of martial law.
Why did the United States demanded a 99-year lease on military and naval bases in the Philippines?
The United States wanted to maintain its military presence in the Philippines. With the onset of the Cold War the United States needed to protect its interests in Asia. Both China and the Soviet Union were rivals of the United States at the time. Both were Pacific powers with bases close to allies of the United States and to resources vital to U.S. interests. The bases, Clark Air Force Base and Subic Bay Naval Base near Manila, proved to be critical to the United States later in the staging of the Korean and Vietnam wars.
Why did many Southeast Asians refused to live again under European rule when the war ended and the Japanese themselves had been forced out?
They wanted independence and not to be exploited by the superpowers.
Why did the retention of U.S. military bases in the Philippines so anger Filipinos?
Many Filipinos regarded the bases as proof of American imperialism. Later agreements shortened the terms of the leaseand the United States gave up both bases in 1992.
How did the government respond to the 1990 Myanmar election? In the 1990 election—the country's first multiparty election in 30 years—the National League form Democracy won 80 percent of the seats. The military government refused to recognize the election
and it kept Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest. She was finally released in 1995, only to be placed under house arrest again in 2000. Freed in 2002, she was detained again in 2003, leaving many residents to doubt whether Burma will embrace democracy anytime soon.
How did Suharto come to power in Indonesia?
An Indonesian general named Suharto put down a rebellion. He then seized power for himself and began a bloodbath in which 500,000 to 1 million Indonesians were killed.
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