BIO review short answer

Ribosomal proteins are synthesized in the _____ and rRNA is synthesized into ribosomal subunits in the _____. the subunits are then shipped to the cytoplasm where _____ ribosomes are assembled. bound ribosomes bound to the surface of the _______ and synthesize ______, which are transported to the ______ for further processing. the G.A. is also important for the synthesis of _______-
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Ribosomal proteins are synthesized in the _____ and rRNA is synthesized into ribosomal subunits in the _____. the subunits are then shipped to the cytoplasm where _____ ribosomes are assembled. bound ribosomes bound to the surface of the _______ and synthesize ______, which are transported to the ______ for further processing. the G.A. is also important for the synthesis of _______-
cytoplasm, nucleolus; mature; rough ER; integral membrane proteins; G.A.; polysaccharides
the smooth ER is responsible for the synthesis of (3) while the rough ER is responsible or the synthesis of
lipids, gonads and steroid hormones

integral membrane proteins
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are typically ______ _____ disorders. LSDs are inherited disorders that result from a lack of specific enzymes that break down ____ ( ) and ____ ( ) in the cell's lysosome. some examples of LSDs are (2)
autosomal recessive

lipids (fats) and carbohydrates (sugars)

fabry disease, pompe disease
what is continuous with the nuclear envelope?
endoplasmic reticulum
substances that travel through nuclear poles have tags called _____ ____ _____ that allow them to pass through the pore complexes
nuclear localization signals
cis face is the ____ side of the GA and the trans face is the _____ side of the GA
receiving; shipping
pH of blood?
7.4
a solution of pH2 will have a large concentration of _____. buffers are substances that keep the pH level stable. in blood, the main buffer system is carbonic acid bicarbonate, where carbonic acid acts as a _______
H+

H+ donor
Acids are H+ __ and bases are H+ ___. this makes sense, because acidic solutions typically sit in the __ - ___ range of the pH scale with basic solutions in the __ - ___ range
donors, acceptors

0-6, 8-14
Looking at the above equation we can deduct that if a basic solution is injected in the blood of a person, the above equilibrium will move to the [ Select ] ["left", "right"] . The action of buffers in the blood is important to keep the pH stable around [ Select ] ["7.4", "7.8", "6.8", "7.0"] . In the cell, the acidic pH in the lumen of lysosomes is maintained by the action of ___ _____
right, 7.4, proton pumps
Chemical reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energylight reactionsSequence of carrier molecules that shuttle electrons down a series of redox reactions in mitochondriaelectron transport chainTransporter of electrons produced during light reactionsNADPHThe second major stage in cellular respiration where acetyl CoA is oxidized to CO2citric acid cycle or krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycleA series of reactions that fixes atmospheric CO2 into carbohydrateCalvin cycleA spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of energyexergonic (negative delta g)the totality of an organism's chemical reactionsmetabolismcomposed of reaction-center complex, surrounded by light harvesting complexes that funnel the energy of photons to the reaction center complexphotosystemA non-spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is an absorptipn of energyendergonic (+delta g)energy coupling mechanism used to generate ATPChemiosmosisHypercholesterolemia? Sickle cell anemia? Cancer? tay sachs disease ProgeriaLDL receptors hemoglobin tyranise kinase receptors (mess with growth factors) lysosomal enzymes lamin (assembly and disassembly of a nucleus. progeria = accelerated aging in humans)contraction of muscles deals with ___ and ____actin and myosin (motor proteins)In lecture we discussed some inheritance patterns that are more complex than predicted by simple Mendelian genetics. When we say 'simple Mendelian genetics', this usually refers to ___. Human traits that follow Mendelian genetics can be tracked using __ In contrast, the types of patterns we discussed that are more complex than simple Mendelian genetics included___ , which refers to when one gene affects more than one phenotypic character; and also situations where multiple genes contribute to a specific phenotype, which is called __one character is dependent to one gene, pedigree analysis plietotropy polygenic inheritanceA covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativitypolarThe attraction of a given atom for the electronselectronegativityHaving no attraction to waterhydrophobicThe covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on another these are created by a dehydration reactionpeptide bondA mechanism by which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water moleculedehydrationA coiled region constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteinsalpha heluxThe folded regionbeta sheetsthese join two monosaccharides: ______ (covalent bond)glycosidic linkagethis type of reactions breaks down energy and is therefore releasing energyhydrolysisin order for a protein to fold correctly, there are several orders of structure that we discussed in lecture. For example, the secondary structure of a peptide requires _____ in order to form correctly. If one had a Cdk protein, and there was a mutation or alteration in the primary sequence that affected the secondary structure, then that Cdk might not be able to interact with its partner called a ______ . Or if that mutation was in the kinase domain of the protein, then the Cdk may not be able to carry out its enzymatic function, which involves the ______ of substrate proteins. In the cell cycle, if a Cdk is unable to perform its job, that would likely trigger a_____ which would stop the cell cycle until things could be repaired. If one was able to sequence the DNA of the Cdk gene and find out what mutation it had, it is possible to correct that mutation by using ____ to edit the DNA sequence and make it normal again. This technology has been applied in humans to a disease called sickle cell anemia, which is a good example of when one gene affects more than one phenotypic character, also known as ______ .hydrogen bonds cyclin phosphorylation checkpoint CRISPR plietotropylist the order of DNA(coding strand) template strand mRNA Amino Acidssplicing createsmRNARemoves RNA nucleotides from the primer from 5` end and then replaces then with DNA nucleotidesDNA pol ISynthesizes new strand of DNA by adding new nucleotides to an existing 3` endDNA pol IIIBreaks apart the hydrogen bonds that hold two strands of DNA togetherhelicaseJoins sugar phosphate backbones of 2 adjacent DNA moleculesDNA ligaseBreaks the sugar phosphate backbone of one strand of DNA, swivels around, and then rejoins the backbone togethertopoisomeraseDoes not require a 3' end to add nucleotidesRNA Primasethe end of a chromosometelomeres