Gov final

Parties appeal to moderate voters by doing all of the following EXCEPT ______.
Select one:
a.publicly denouncing the more extreme wing of their own party
b.not publicly endorsing positions they may like but know that moderates reject
c.reframing issues in ways that are more palatable to voters
d.emphasizing issues they know are popular with moderates
e.changing positions that have been rejected by moderates
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Parties appeal to moderate voters by doing all of the following EXCEPT ______.
Select one:
a.publicly denouncing the more extreme wing of their own party
b.not publicly endorsing positions they may like but know that moderates reject
c.reframing issues in ways that are more palatable to voters
d.emphasizing issues they know are popular with moderates
e.changing positions that have been rejected by moderates
A.Publicly denouncing the more extreme wing of their own party
Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the textbook as an agent of socialization?
Select one:
a. the internet
b. schools
c. social groups
d. the family
e. peers
A. The internet
Sampling error refers to _________.
Select one:
a.a number that indicates within what range the results of a poll are accurate
b.a situation in which question wording biases the results
c.a situation in which a sample is not representative of the larger universe being measured
d.mistakes made in the recording of responses in a poll
e.the number of mistakes made by a pollster
A. A number that indicates within range the results of a poll are accurate
Political action committees, or PACs, are __________.
Select one:
a.created by parties to raise money
b.organizations that engage in media activities for certain candidates
c.prohibited under the McCain-Feingold Act
d.a candidate's campaign staff
e.the fundraising arm for interest groups
e. the fundraising arm for interest groups
It is generally assumed in America that media owned or controlled by the government does which of the following?
Select one:
a.It promotes hyperpartisanship at the state and federal levels.
b.It encourages the dissemination of multiple political narratives.
c.It promotes only a conservative point of view.
d.It serves only the interests of the government.
e.It promotes only a liberal point of view.
d. It serves only the interests of the government
If you are conducting a horse race poll, you want your sample to comprise ____________.
Select one:
a.likely voters
b.only those who identify with a political party
c.an overrepresentation of those with more education
d.all those over the age of eighteen
e.all American citizens
a. likely voters
The first two major political parties in the United States were the Federalists and the ________.
Select one:
a.Republicans
b.Mugwumps
c.Know-Nothings
d.Whigs
e.Democratic-Republicans
e. Democratic-Republicans
With respect to constructing survey questions, all of the following statements are true except:
Select one:
a.Questions should not be ambiguous.
b.Surveys tend to underestimate the racial tolerance of the American people.
c.Respondents often give opinions on subjects about which they know little or nothing.
d.Similar questions can yield surprisingly different answers.
e.The order in which questions are asked can change the results.
b. Surveys tend to underestimate the racial tolerance of the American people
Infotainment refers to ___________.
Select one:
a.the attempt to make the nightly news more objective
b.news shows dressed up with drama and entertainment to entice viewers to tune in
c.a dramatic television series that presents a political message
d.educational shows for children, such as Sesame Street
e.Internet sites that allow visitors to watch videos
b. News shows dressed up with drama and entertainment to entice viewers to tune in
Which of the following statements concerning the roles of ideology and partisanship in shaping public opinion is NOT true?
Select one:
a.Party labels provide mental cues that we use in interpreting and responding to personalities and news.
b.An ideology is a set of ideas about the world, whereas partisanship is an enduring allegiance to a party.
c.Much of the current division in American politics can be expressed in ideological or partisan terms.
d.Partisan sorting means that the average Democrats and Republicans are farther apart ideologically than was the case in previous decades.
e.Most Americans are too moderate or nonpartisan for these concepts to have much influence on them.
e. Most Americans are too moderate or nonpartisan for these concepts to have much influence on them.
Those who are LESS likely to vote tend to be ________. Select one: a.whites b.college graduates c.poor rather than wealthy d.older rather than younger e.relatively wealthyc.Poor rather than wealthyWhich of the following statements is NOT true about the choice of a vice presidential candidate? Select one: a.Traditionally, the vice presidential candidate is from the same region and wing of the party as the presidential candidate. b.Presidential candidates weigh the choice carefully. c.The choice of the vice presidential nominee is up to the presidential nominee. d.The caliber of the decision about whom to choose as a vice presidential candidate can be viewed as an indication of the other appointments a presidential candidate might make. e.Historically, the choice does not seem to have had significant electoral consequences.a. Traditionally, the vice presidential candidate is from the same region and wing of the party as the presidential candidateThe net neutrality principle _________. Select one: a.allows individuals whose reputations were attacked on Internet sites the ability to respond b.compels Internet news sites to give equal time to multiple sides of controversial issues c.dictates guidelines for the practice of citizen journalism d.prevents the federal government from censoring the Internet e.guarantees that all Internet traffic is treated the same waye. Guarantee that all internet traffic is treated the same wayA set of beliefs about politics and society that helps people make sense of their world is called _______. Select one:An ideologyAccording to the text, the current process of political socialization in the United States ____________. Select one: a.is the primary function of a college education b.trains us to support and obey the existing political system c.teaches us tolerance for the political values of other nations d.has no legitimate function e.teaches us to think independently and criticallyb. Trains us to support and obey the existing political systemElectioneering refers to __________. Select one: a.the false counting of votes conducted by many party machines in the Third Party Era b.the process of a president campaigning for members of his political party c.the process of getting a person elected to public office d.groups providing financial support to candidates they favor e.the use of the courts to decide a close electionc. The process of getting a person elected to public officePatronage was once important to political parties because _________. Select one: a.it created a more disciplined party-in-government b.it ensured an army of supporters c.members of the other party would be unemployed d.it simplified the issue of hiring people after an election e.it created a stronger party organizationb. It ensured an army of supportersGatekeepers _________. Select one: a.confine their role to getting the facts of the story straight b.report only via the Internet c.filter political narratives to fit a station's political agenda d.decide the details about what news gets covered e.interpret complex problemsd. Decide the details about what news gets coveredSince the 1980s the Democratic Party has gained strength in which of the following areas?UrbanEducation promotes all of the following EXCEPT ___________. Select one: a.tolerance b.apathy c.democratic enlightenment d.democratic engagement e.socializationb. ApathyThe rank-and-file members who carry out the party's electioneering efforts are the _____. Select one: a.party activists b.party radicals c.party delegates d.party-in-the-electorate e.party bossesa. Party activistsThe single biggest factor accounting for how people decide to vote is _____.Party identificationWhich of the following statements is NOT true about the American party system? Select one: a.American party organizations are decentralized. b.American parties have recently increased their party discipline. c.Third parties occasionally have had a dramatic impact on presidential election outcomes. d.American parties are more ideologically extreme than many of their European counterparts. e.The lack of success of third parties in the United States is the result of election rules.d. American parties are more ideologically extreme than many of their European counterpartsThe agenda-setting functions of the news media have the greatest effect on _________. Select one: a.Republicans b.independents c.partisans of all parties d.Democrats e.third-party supportersb. IndependentsAmerican political parties are decentralized for all of the following reasons EXCEPT this: Select one: a.U.S. party organizations do not control the nomination process. b.The nature of the federal electoral structure leads to decentralization. c.Federalism leads to decentralization. d.Americans resist efforts of the parties to become more centralized. e.States write the laws that dictate party structure.d. Americans resist efforts of the parties to become more centralizedWhich of the following statements is NOT true concerning use of the media to gather information about the news? Select one: a.Sorting through information is a costly exercise. b.New forms of technology have expanded. c.Americans have become well informed about their political world. d.It takes great time and effort to critically analyze the information available through the media. e.Americans have moved rapidly to extensive use of television and the Internet.c. Americans have become well informed about their political worldBecause television is an entertainment medium, its coverage of political events focuses on _______. Select one: a.only important issues b.image c.rhetoric d.controversial topics e.popular topicsImagePluralists believe that interest groups _________. Select one: a.are good for democracy only if they are public but that economic and equal opportunity interest groups weaken democracy b.have taken away power from citizens and have weakened democracy c.are too widespread in American society d.give more power to citizens and enhance democratic life e.are making American democracy elitistd. Give more power to citizens and enhance democratic lifeThe portion of the population selected to participate in a poll is known as the __________.SampleWhich of the following groups tends to have higher levels of political participation? Select one: a.non-native born Americans b.those employed in white collar industries c.those with moderate levels of education d.those with higher income levels e.those with income levels below the poverty lined. Those with higher income levelsPoliticians who are thinking about running for presidency begin their runs by ____________. Select one: a.acquiring the money to run b.positioning themselves as credible prospects with the media c.filing with the Federal Election Commission d.announcing their candidacy e.testing the waters unofficiallye.testing the waters unofficiallyNarratives are based upon which of the following?informationA valence issue is an issue _________. Select one: a.that never gets addressed and therefore hangs there like window dressing b.on which most voters and candidates share the same position c.on which the two candidates agree but on which the public is sharply divided d.that splits voters within one party e.that sharply divides the two candidatesb. on which most voters and candidates share the same positionAll of the following statements concerning party machines are true EXCEPT this: Select one: a.They dominated party primary elections. b.They were characterized by central control by a party leader or boss. c.Their activities had the consequence of integrating masses of new immigrants into the political process. d.They sought to take advantage of the expansion of voting rights to all white men in the early nineteenth century. e.They were exceptionally strong in urban areas.a. They dominated party primary electionsSelf-interest is a source of __________. Select one: a.the lack of support for good public policies only by the uneducated in society b.divisions in society c.agreement in society d.socialization in society e.manipulation by politicians in societyb. divisions in societyMembers of the New Deal generation tended to be more _______ than preceding generationsDemocraticAlthough the internet provides people with enormous amounts of information, __________. Select one: a.most people do not know how to search for relevant information b.it is difficult to sort and evaluate the available information c.little of that information is devoted to politics d.the vast majority of the news and political information is not very accurate e.most of it tends to be liberalb. it is difficult to sort and evaluate the available informationAccording to James Madison, political parties were _________.A dangerous version of factionsFront-loading is the process of ______.scheduling presidential primaries earlier in the primary seasonBecause of the Electoral College, presidential candidates generally spend most of their time and resources in _______. Select one: a.states where they have a comfortable lead in order to extend that lead b.competitive states, especially large ones c.coastal and border states because they are the so-called blue states d.states where there are competitive local races e.California, Texas, and New York because they are the biggest statesb. Competitive states, especially large onesWhich of the following statements concerning exit polls is NOT true?They are a form of pseudo-pollAn election signaling a significant change in popular allegiance from one party to another is a _________ election. Select one: a.dealignment b.transformational c.party era d.critical e.realignmentd. CriticalThe corporate nature of the American media has caused ______. Select one: a.newspapers to become more expensive b.newspapers to become more serious in their coverage c.newspapers to become remarkably similar d.advertisers to dictate the content of the news e.most newspapers to increase coverage of business newsd.Advertisers to dictate the content of the newsIn engaging in agenda setting, priming, and framing, the news media are __________. Select one: a.demonstrating liberal bias b.telling the public what to think c.telling the public what to think about d.providing a neutral source of information e.holding politicians accountableb. Telling the public what to think aboutWhich of the following is NOT a reason the United States has a two-party system? Select one: a.The United States has rules that often keep third-party candidates out of debates. b.U.S. laws make it difficult for third parties to get placed on the ballot. c.The United States has experienced few serious political splits stemming from divisive issues such as religion or social conflict. d.The American public strongly supports a two-party system. e.The United States does not allocate its legislative seats proportionally.d. The American public strongly supports a two-party systemAccording to the authors, what is the psychological impact of failing to participate in the voting process? Select one: a.It can negatively impact a person's sense of social connectedness. b.It can deepen the psychological impact of valence issues. c.Nonvoting can produce higher levels of political estrangement. d.Those who only vote sporadically are less inclined to engage in retrospective voting. e.Nonvoters are more likely to grow frustrated with hyperpartisanship.c. Nonvoting can produce higher levels of political estrangementThe party that usually gets the most votes is the party that ______.best appeals to moderate votersParty officials complain about the open primary because ________.Members of the other party can get involved in the nomination processPoliticians' focus on optics and the media's tendency toward horse-race journalism combine, in Barbour and Wright's view, to create _______. Select one: a.superficial media coverage of politics b.greater voter turnout in presidential elections c.heightened political accountability d.increased public awareness and knowledge of politics e.a stronger reliance on narrowcastinga. superficial media coverage of politicsAll of the following statements concerning parties in American democracy are true EXCEPT this: Select one: a.They help to unify a fragmented government. b.They differ from interest groups in that they seek to nominate and elect officials to public office. c.They help provide a linkage between voters and elected officials. d.They have become an impediment to the operation of modern democracy. e.They provide a voice for the opposition to official government policy.c. They have become an impediment to the operation of modern democracyWhen directly lobbying Congress, interest groups may make use of all of the following EXCEPT _____. Select one: a.professional lobbyists b.expert testimony c.campaign contributions d.personal contacts e.public relations campaignse. Public relations campaignsWhen politicians try to determine public opinion by listening to their supporters and friendly interest groups, they are likely to face the problem of ________. Select one: a.sample bias b.straw men polling c.sampling error d.push polling e.erroneous dataa. sample bias_____ are formed with the common goal of altering public policyinterest groupsThe two functions of parties are _____. Select one: a.fundraising and governing b.electioneering and governing c.electioneering and lobbying d.lobbying and fundraising e.lobbying and governingb. electioneering and governingThe effects of horse-race journalism include all of the following EXCEPT this: Select one: a.The media show politics as if politicians cared only about scoring victories off one another. b.The media ignore citizens' concerns about politics. c.The media report on politics as if it were a game of strategy and wit with no substance. d.The media help citizens to understand the issues. e.The media trivialize politics.d. The media help citizens to understand issuesThe impact of deregulation of broadcast journalism by the 1996 Telecommunications Act has been to ________. Select one: a.increase competition in the news media b.increase newspaper circulation c.increase the quality of news coverage d.free the Internet from unnecessary restrictions e.increase the possibilities of media monopolye. increase the possibilities of media monopolyFaithless electors, as defined by the text, are electors who _______.vote their conscience rather than for the candidate they were pledged toInterest groups perform all of the following roles in politics EXCEPT this one: Select one: a. alerting the proper government authorities about the group's issue to get the issue on the political agenda b. representing their members' views to government c. educating policymakers regarding issues important to the interest group d. electing members to public office e. providing an avenue for citizen participation in politicsd. electing members to public officeThe history of American political parties _______.starts within a decade of the adoption of the ConstitutionThe positive aspect of partisanship is that it _______.keeps politicians honest and allows the best political ideas and policies to emergeSelective perception shows us that ________.viewers do more than passively receive news and values presented by the mediaThe most basic consequence of concentrated corporate ownership of the news is ______.the dramatizing of the newsThe ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment resulted in which of the following?A greater, more direct role, played by citizens in the political processDealignment refers to _______.the recent trend for voters to state that they are independentsMajor-party presidential nominations are now determined primarily by ________.convention delegates selected in party primaries, caucuses, and state conventionsInterest groups are formed with the common goal of ________.influencing public policy decisionsWhich of the following is true regarding talk radio?The majority of talk radio consumers are conservativeCritics complain about the revolving door, because they believe that _______.alternating between government service and interest group lobbying for private entities amounts to unethical cashing in on public service for private profitDelegates to the national conventions are chosen ______.in primary elections and caucusesElections perform all of the following functions EXCEPT ______.decreasing political efficacyThe new movement toward having everyday people act as journalists and report the news directly on social media or blogs is known as ______.citizen journalismIn general, what has the greatest effect on the midterm losses suffered by the president's party?the president's standing with the public and state of the economyWhich of the following statements concerning technology and polling is NOT true?Autodialing is one method of overcoming the problems caused by citizen reliance on cell phonesOne concern about the wording of questions in polls is that the person being sampled will be unfamiliar with a subject and thereby _______.give responses solely based on contextual cues_______ is idealized voting behavior, but ______ more realistically reflects how policy consideration influence voters' decisionsprospective voting; retrospective votingWhich of the following is NOT a characteristic of the responsible party model?Each [arty should act in a polarized fashion to such an extent that their behavior impeded government functionsRealignments are significant because they ______.usually result in a change in policy directionThe major consequence of the press's increased emphasis on conflict and image is _______.increased cynicism among the public toward both the media and politicsIf the news media constantly emphasize crime, and the politicians are evaluated on how they deal with crime, this would be an example of _______.primingYellow journalism refers to ________.the effort to lure audiences by reporting on sensational topicsThe two main advantages of incumbents in elections are that they have name recognition and _________.have previously assembled a wining coalition in their districtOne significance of news management is that it _________.limits the ability of reporters to put their own interpretations on eventsWhat method has increased voter registration?Motor Voter legislationWhat was the purpose of the equal time provision?to provide all candidates the opportunity to speak over the airwavesWhich of the following is NOT true regarding issue positions of the major parties?Democrats want "more services" over "cutting government spending"Parties appeal to moderate voters by doing all of the following EXCEPT this:publicly denouncing the more extreme wing of their own partyParty identification is the single most important predictor of how people decide to vote because _______.it indirectly colors the partisan's perceptions of issues and candidatesFor most of American history, control of the media has been in the hands of _______.an elite segment of the populationCitizens' feelings of effectiveness in political affairs is called ______.political efficacyThe argument for the responsible party model is that democracy is strengthened when ______.voters are given clear alternatives and hold parties responsible for their promisesThe process by which citizens take their political cues from more well-informed opinion leaders is known as __________.the two-step flow of informationThe responsible party model ______.makes it easier for voters to hold parties accountable for their actionsThe party activity of governing involves ________ and _________.controlling the government; enacting the party's policy agendaOne advantage of direct contact between elected officials and the public versus the use of public opinion polls is that direct contact _______.makes it less likely that certain public concerns will be overlookedFront-loading affects the selection of nominee by _______.making success in earlier primaries all the more important in gaining and keeping momentumPublic opinion not only should matter but also does matter in American politics because ________.politicians and the media act as if it mattersThe party _______ are the members of a political party who consistently vote for that party's candidatesbaseAccording to the test, images that voters have of candidates usually causes voters to ________.form clear opinions about candidate qualities that are relevant to governingThe party that usually gets the most votes is that party that ______.best appeals to moderate votersWhich of the following is a narrative predicated on the belief that voters want a presidents to do the things for which they campaigned?electoral mandateIn recent decades, party identification among American voters has ________.generally decreasedWhen an individual filters incoming information through personal biases and interests and then decides what to pay attention to, this person has engaged in ____.selective perception______ is an interpretation of a politician's words or action designed to present a favorable image.spinWhich of the following is NOT an example of new media?ideological magazinesThe tendency of people who attend the same church to share similar political attitudes can be traced, in part, to which of the following?The impact of family on peer group selectionFollowing the New Deal, non-southern Protestants tended to fall into which category?RepublicanInterest groups overcome the free rider problem by doing all of the following EXCEPT ________.providing collective goods only to people who join the groupIn discussing the forces that propel American political parties toward the middle of the ideological spectrum, Barbour and Wright assumer that ________.most American voters are moderatesThe constitution dictates that each state has ________.one elector for each senator and one elector for each representativeThe idea that the journalist's job is to get news to the public quickly, avoid stories with unverified content, and reach as wide an audience as possible is known as the _______ roledisseminatorSince the 1980s the Republican Party has gained strength in which of the following areas?ruralAs a method of selecting leaders, democratic elections ensure that the ______.leader chosen is the most popular candidate on the ballotThe presidential nomination process, _______.front-loading favors the candidate who goes into the nomination process as the front-runnerSwing voters are ______.people who have not made up their minds at the start of the campaignThe phenomenon of horse-race journalism can clearly be spotted in the media's ______.obsession with election-related polling resultsExcessive press coverage of an embarrassing or scandalous is called ______.a feeding frenzyBarbour and Wright argue that the media are a major agent of political socialization, the process by which _______.important values are transmitted from one generation to the nextParties help to overcome the problem of _______ created by the Constitutionfragmented governmentRational ignorance refers to ______.the state of being uninformed about politics due to the cost in time and energyA citizen's ability to hold democratic beliefs, including the acceptance that politics is about compromise, is called _______.democratic enlightenmentPolitical gridlock occurs when ____.rival parties stubbornly refuse to budge from their positions to achieve a compromisePolitical accountability is designed to ensure that politicians _____.accomplish the goals that their constituents want them to achieveNegative advertising ______.registers more quickly and is remembered longer than information from positive advertisementsLoyalty to a political cause or party is known as _______.partisanshipWedge issues are controversial matters ______.that one party uses to split voters in the other partyThe authors of the textbook argue that Americans behave as ideal citizens as _______, although as ______ they do not.a group; individualsParties take part in selecting candidates to run for office by engaging in all of the following EXCEPT ______.providing the bulk of the money candidates use to run for officeModern campaigns are run by professional staff because ______.the party campaign committee cannot provide the technical services neededThe term soft money refers todonations to parties rather than candidatesThe phenomenon of selective perception demonstrates that viewers ________.are more engaged with the media they consume than some critics would argueThe 1996 Telecommunications Act ______.allowed ownership of multiple broadcast station as long as those stations did not reach more than 35% of the marketWhen a group provides a collective good or service ______.the group will inevitably confront the free rider problemThe relationship between sample size and sampling error is ______.The larger the sample, the smaller the sampling error will beA parties effort to inform potential voters and persuade them to vote for that party is known as _______.voter mobilizationAll of the following statements concerning the media in election campaigns are true EXCEPT this:Debates usually have more impact on voter evaluation of candidates than any other eventWhich of the following statements is NOT true concerning the role of issues in citizens' voting decisions?Calculated policy decisions by voters are commonThe Federal Communications Act was passed because _________.Government regulation was needed to manage competition for scarce airwaves.A citizen's relationship to their communities and families is known as ______.social connectednessEven though their goal is to provide a collective good, public interest groups often struggle because they _______.Are often vulnerable to the free rider problemWhich of the following statement is NOT true regarding party machines?Party machines were strongest in rural areasThe existence of the permanent campaign in American politics means that the _______.imperatives of short-term politics often outweigh the importance of long-term policy prioritiesThe danger of majority tyranny in democracy most likely would result from ________.majority rule without tempering influence of debate and discussionpolitical action committees were created as a result of _______.interest group restrictions in the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974The system in which successful party candidates reward supporters with jobs or favors is called _______.patronageWhich of the following is NOT true regarding issue positions of the major parties?Democrats are more likely than Republicans to believe that government should let each person get ahead on his or her own rather than guaranteeing jobs and standards of livingRegarding tolerance, Americans are generally ______.supportive of general issues, such as free speechWhich of the following is a consequence of partisan sorting?it makes it easier to demonize one's political opponents_____ voting occurs when people base their voting decisions on well-informed opinions and consideration of the future consequences of their votes.prospectiveIssue advocacy advertisements are _______.legal only if they do not tell citizens how to voteThe founders created the Electoral College through which senators and the executive would be indirectly chosen in order to ___.serve as a check against the whims of the massesTracking polls are significant because theyare able to catch daily changes in public opinonIn order to achieve compromise, a critical component of politics, you must first possess _______.toleranceA _______ issue is one on which the parties differ in their perspectives and their proposed solutions.positionIn a _____, registered party members, rather than party bosses, nominate party candidatesparty primaryThe authors argue that the legitimacy of the U.S. government rest on which of the following?the idea that government exists to serve the interests of its citizens_______ is an example of infotainmentShowing a police chaseElectors are typically ______.active party membersMedia coverage of the general election process has _______.made campaigns more candidate centeredEconomic interest groups include all of the following EXCEPT this:consumer groupsA ______ is an official leak of proposal to determine public reaction without risk.trial balloonIn a closed primary, only ______.registered party members may voteOne impact of televising the national convention is that _____.political parties choreograph events during prime timeInternet polls are_______.unreliable______ voting occurs when people use their judgment of the current political situation along with the past performance of the incumbents.RetrospectiveAll of the following statements concerning party identification in the electorate are true EXCEPT this:Most people who are registered members of a party work actively for their party organizationSince the 1960s, ______.Republicans and Democrats have become more consistent with their respect to their ideologiesAmerican voter turnout for national elections is __________.the lowest, or among the lowest, among industrialized nationsTolerance is a key democratic value because _________.it is a prerequisite for compromiseAll of the following statements concerning direct lobbying are true EXCEPT this:It is hard for interest groups to lobby the bureaucracyToday, the most likely cause of sampling bias in polls is ________.differing opinions between those who do and do not participate in a pollAccording to studies, Americans tend to be ________.not very knowledgable about politicsWhy do some critics claim that democratic elections do not typically produce the best leaders?The electoral processes scare off the best candidates_____ are interest groups that try to influence government to produce collective goods or services that benefit the general publicPublic interest groupsThe party organization is essential because it __________.helps party candidates win electionsA party caucus is a meeting of ______.local party members choose delegates for the national conventionThe 2010 decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission had the effect of _____.lifting the prior financial contribution restrictions on issue advocacy advertisementsAccording to the textbook, the biggest part of the election battle for presidential candidates is to ______.entice swing voters to vote for themA critical election leads to a ______.realignmentCovering which of the following would be an example of commercial bias?John Edward'd extramarital affairAll of the following statements concerning the Electoral College are true EXCEPT this:The rules of the Electoral College give all the states importance in presidential electionsWhich of the following statements concerning the relationship between age and opinions is NOT true?People tend to become more conservative as they ageThe gender gap is especially large on issues of _______.violencePolitical action committee contribute to congressional campaign funds largely to influence ________.only members of relevant congressional committees because the contributions directly shape the process of specific legislationAn interest group _________ is an effective leader who is likely to have organized an interest group and can effectively promote its interestsentrepreneurEquitable outcomes and social tolerance brought about by government action represent a ______ point of view.ConservativeOne significant impact of the rise of political pundits is that ______.there is no check on the punditsThe major source of money for party fundraisers comes from ______.individual donorsThe advent of cable and satellite television providers has had all of the following effects EXCEPT _____.increasing the quality of news available to viewers