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EXAM 4 Bioscience

Terms in this set (50)

Apoptosis can occur when a cell
A. is damaged
B. is no longer needed
C. is too small
D. A & B
E. A, B & C
D. A & B
Steroid hormones receptors are found in the
A. plasma membrane
B. circulatory system
C. cytoplasm
D. extracellular matrix
C. cytoplasm
Adenylyl cyclase uses _____ as a substrate to synthesize_______.
A. AMP; cAMP
B. ATP; pyrophosphate
C. pyrophosphate: cAMP
D. ATP; cAMP
E. cAMP; ATP
D. ATP; cAMP
The kinetochore contains
A. phosphatases
B. DNA and RNA
C. motor proteins
D. protein kinases
E. microtubule phosphatases
C. motor proteins
Which of the following will not function in the absence of GTP?
A. Tyrosine kinase receptor
B. Glycolysis
C. Calvin Cycle
D. G-protein
E. Phosphodiesterases
D. G-protein
Unpacking of chromosomes and the formation of a new nuclear envelope is a characteristic of what stage of mitosis?
A. prophase
B. metaphase
C. anaphase
D. telophase
E. cytokinesis
D. telophase
Some plants exhibit alternating generations of haploid and diploid multicellular organisms. The haploid gametophyte arises from spores by the process of
A. spermatogenesis
B. oogenesis
C. mitosis
D. meiosis
E. parthenogenesis
C. mitosis
Separation of sister chromatids is a hallmark of which phase of mitosis?
A. prophase
B. metaphase
C. anaphase
D. telophase
E. cytokinesis
C. anaphase
A nucleosome is formed by
A. the fusion of two nuclei
B. ribosomes and mRNA
C. the fusion of DNA and proteins
D. the winding of DNA around chromatin
E. the winding of DNA around histone proteins
E. the winding of DNA around histone proteins
Fertilization results in
A. a zygote
B. a diploid cell
C. a cell with a new genetic combinations
D. A & B
E. A, B, & C
E. A, B, & C
The cell plate forms during
A. plant morphogenesis
B. plant cytokinesis
C. plant metaphase
D. animal metaphase
B. plant cytokinesis
DNA synthesis occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?
A. M phase
B. S phase
C. G2 phase
D. G0 phase
E. G1 phase
B. S phase
Identical copies of chromatin held together at the centromere are called
A. histones
B. sister chromatids
C. chromatin
D. homologous chromosomes
E. nucleosomes
B. sister chromatids
Homologous pairs of chromosomes are
A. identical to each other
B. duplicated in prophase II
C. similar to each other
D. duplicated in anaphase II
C. similar to each other
A grape vine stem is placed in water with rooting hormone. New growth begins to germinate. What process drives that new growth?
A. non-disjunction
B. mitosis
C. gametogenesis
D. parthenogenesis
E. meiosis
B. mitosis
Synaptic signaling alters membrane potential through which of the following signaling mechanisms?
A. Ligand-gated ion channels
B. Tyrosine kinase receptors
C. Ganglioside receptors
D. G-protein coupled receptors
A. Ligand-gated ion channels
Another name for ligand is
A. signaling molecule
B. enzyme
C. second messenger
D. protein kinase
E. plasma membrane receptor
A. signaling molecule
When phosphorylated, cyclin-dependent kinases
A. dephosphorylate cyclins
B. phosphorylate cyclins
C. phosphorylate target proteins
D. dephosphorylate proteins
C. phosphorylate target proteins
Tyrosine kinase receptor enzymatic activity is enhanced by
A. tyrosine binding to the receptor
B. autophosphorylation
C. G-protein binding
D. GTP
B. autophosphorylation
G-proteins are composed of
A. MAP kinases
B. GTP and protein
C. alpha, beta, and gamma subunits
D. A GTPase and protein kinase A
C. alpha, beta, and gamma subunits
Synapsis of homologous pairs of chromosomes is required for
A. parthenogenesis
B. non-disjunction
C. fertilization
D. independent assortment
E. Crossing over
...
What is the function of a phosphatase?
A. Second messenger degradation
B. Removal of phosphate groups from proteins
C. Removal of phosphorylated amino acids from proteins.
D. Phosphorylation of serine, threonine, or tyrosine amino acids
B. Removal of phosphate groups from proteins
At which stage of meiosis are sister chromatids separated from each other?
A. prophase I
B. prophase II
C. anaphase I
D. anaphase II
D. anaphase II
A liver cell of an organism has 8 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will it have in its gametes?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 8
D. 16
E. 32
B. 4
A common feature of receptor-meditated signaling is
A. amplification
B. Autophosphorylation
C. regulation
D. A & C
E. A, B, & C
D. A & C
Mitosis results in two ___cells, while meiosis results in ____ haploid cells.
A. diploid/ two
B. haploid/two
C. diploid/ four
D. haploid/ four
C. diploid/ four
A haploid dominant organism, such as a fungi arise from spores that are
A. euploid
B. tetraploid
C. diploid
D. haploid
D. haploid
Checkpoints in the cell cycle are controlled by
A. the concentration of cyclins
B. mitotic spindle length
C. the cytoplasmic concentration of cAMP
D. the concentration of cyclin-dependent kinases
A. the concentration of cyclins
A phospholipase breaks down phospholipids into
A. IP3 and DAG
B. calcium ions and IP3
C. calcium ions and cAMP
D. DAG and cAMP
E. IP3 and cAMP
A. IP3 and DAG
Which of the following chemical signaling systems requires transport in the circulatory system?
A. paracrine
B. autocrine
C. endocrine
D. synaptic
C. endocrine
Independent assortment in meiosis occurs during
A. metaphase I
B. interphase
C. cytokinesis
D. prophase I
A. metaphase I
Prokaryotes propagate by
A. karyogenesis
B. cytokinesis
C. oncogenesis
D. binary fission
E. mitosis
D. binary fission
Cell division is required for
A. Tissue repair
B. Cell reproduction
C. organismal development
D. A & B
E. A, B, & C
E. A, B, & C
How are DAG and IP3 formed?
A. Phospholipase breakdown of plasma membrane
B. Phosphorylation of cAMP
C. They are hormones that originate from signaling cells
D. Protein kinase C enzyme activity
E. Activation of Protein Kinase A
A. Phospholipase breakdown of plasma membrane
G-protein are characterized by
A. a requirement of GTP binding for activation
B. coupling to ganglioside receptors
C. ATPase activity
D. localization in the cytoplasm
E. autophosphorylation
A. a requirement of GTP binding for activation
Which of the following is most common to both mitosis and meiosis
A. formation of microtubule spindles
B. separation of homologous pairs of chromosomes
C. crossing over
D. genetically variable daughter cells
E. haploid daughter cells
A. formation of microtubule spindles
A drug that prevents translocation of activated receptors from the cytoplasm to the nucleus will affect which signaling system?
A. gap junction signaling
B. steroid hormones
C. paracine signaling
D. synaptic transmission
B. steroid hormones
What is a likely evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
A. Produces a greater number of offspring
B. Requires fewer steps
C. Lower chance of using up resources
D. Greater variation in offspring
E. More cost effective
D. Greater variation in offspring
Failure of chromosomes to assort independently in meiosis could lead to
A. Larger chromosomes
B. Smaller chromosomes
C. mutations
D. increased crossing over
E. greater or lesser chromosome numbers in gametes
E. greater or lesser chromosome numbers in gametes
Why don't the triploid seeds in a seedless watermelon fully develop?
A. The plants are tetraploid and so they cannot undergo proper mitosis.
B. The plants are tetraploid and so they cannot undergo proper meiosis.
C. The plants are 3n and so they cannot undergo proper meiosis
D. The plants are 3n and so they cannot undergo proper mitosis
C. The plants are 3n and so they cannot undergo proper meiosis
Activated steroid hormone receptors are also
A. transcription factors
B. calcium channels
C. phosphodiesterases
D. protein phosphatases
E. protein kinases
A. transcription factors
The haploid number of a human cell is
A. 12
B. 23
C. 46
D. 92
B. 23
Which of the following is not a second messenger?
A. Diacylglycerol (DAG)
B. protein kinase
C. Inositol trisphosphate (IP3)
D. cAMP
E. Calcium ions
B. protein kinase
Which of the following is common to both meiosis and mitosis
A. parthenogenesis
B. phosphorylation
C. fertilization
D. interphase
E. crossing over
D. interphase
At the end of the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, each daughter cell has
A. twice as much DNA as in G1
B. the same amount of DNA as at the end of G2
C. the same amount of DNA as at the very beginning of the S phase
D. the same amount of DNA as the very beginning of G2
E. half as much DNA as in G1
C. the same amount of DNA as at the very beginning of the S phase
Based on the figure above, which phase of the cell cycle is illustrated?
A. prophase
B. prometaphase
C. metaphase
D. anaphase
E. telophase
A. prophase
A cleavage furrow forms during
A. plant cell cytokinesis
B. animal cell cytokinesis
C. animal cell apoptosis
D. plant cell apoptosis
B. animal cell cytokinesis
Which of the following is a diploid cell?
A. zygote
B. skin cell
C. Egg
D. A & B
E. A, B, & C
D. A & B
In meiosis, when are cells haploid?
A. after meiosis I
B. after meiosis II
C. after interphase
D. A & B
E. A, B, & C
D. A & B
Which of the following is true regarding genes associated with cancer?
A. They are genes that suppress the formation of tetrads
B. They are genes whose normal function may be involved in cell cycle regulation.
C. They are genes that cause mutations
D. They are genes that arise only when mutations occur.
B. They are genes whose normal function may be involved in cell cycle regulation.
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