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Honors Chem Fall Final Vocab

Terms in this set (44)

catalyst
substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed
element
a unique substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances through chemical processes
atom
the smallest unit of an element (where it is still the element)
compound
a distinct substance that is composed of the atoms of two or more elements and always contains exactly the same relative masses of those elements
Rule of Zero Charge
in an ionic compound, the positive charges on the metal cations and the negative charges on the nonmetal anions must sum to 0
Octet Rule
in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas, with a full valence shell (either 2 or 8 valence electrons)
phase
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ionization energy
the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom
isotope
an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons from other atoms of the same element
atomic mass
the combined number of protons and neutrons in an atom
average atomic mass
the weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element (not a whole number)
mass number
the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
ion
a charged entity that is formed by adding or removing an electron/electrons from a neutral atom
cation
a positively charged ion
anion
a negatively charged ion
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