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ImanBaghai-Psychology CH12

Terms in this set (26)

Motivation
is a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
Instinct
is a complex behavior that is rigidly,patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
Driven-reduction theory
attempts to explain behavior as arising from a physiological need that creates an aroused tension state(drive)that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
Homeostasis
refers to the body's tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state.
Incentives
are positive or negative environment stimuli that motivate behavior.
Hierarchy of needs
Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that human motives may be ranked from the basic,physiological level through higher-level needs for safety,love,esteem,and self-actualization;until they are satisfied, the more basic needs are more compelling than the higher-level ones.
Glucose
Glucose or blood sugar is the major source of energy for body's tissues.Elevating the level of glucose in the body will reduce hunger.
Set point
is an individual's regulated weight level,which is maintained by adjusting food intake and energy output.
Basal metabolic rate
is the body's base rate of energy expenditure when resting.
Anorexia nervosa
ia an eating disorder,most common in adolescent females, in which a person restricts food intake to become significantly underweight and yet still feels fat.
Bulimia nervosa
ia an eating disorder characterized by private"being-purge"episodes of overeating followed by vomiting,laxative use,fasting,or excessive exercise.
Sexual response cycle
described by Masters and Johnson consists of four statges of bodily reaction:excitement,plateau,orgasm,and resolution.
Refractory period
is a resting period after orgasm,during which a male cannot be aroused to another orgasm.
sexual disorder
is a problem-such as erectile disorder,premature ejaculation,and orgasmic disorder-that consistently impairs sexual .arousal functioning
Estrogen
is a sex hormon secreted in greater amounts by females than males.In mammals other than humans,estrogen levels peak during ovulation and trigger sexual receptivity.
sexual orientation
refers to a person's enduring attraction to members of either the same or the opposite gender.
Flow
is a state of focused consciousness on a task that optimally engages a person's skills,often accompanied by diminished awareness of self and time.
Industrial-organizational(I/O) Psychology
is a subfield of psychology that studies and advises on issues related to optimizing behavior in work places.
Personnel psychology
is a subfield industerial-organizational psychology that applies psychological methods and principles to the selection and evaluation of workers.
Organizational psychology
is a subfield of industerial-organizational psychology that explores how work enviornments and management styles affect worker motivation,satisfaction,and productivity.
Structured interview
is one in which an interviewer asks the same job-relevent questions of all interviewees,who are then rated on established evaluation scales.
Achievement motivation
is a desire for significant accomplishment;mastery of things,people, or ideas;and attaining a high standard.
task leadership
is goal oriented leadership that sets standards,organizes work,and focuses attention on goals.
social leadership
is group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork,mediates conflict,and offers support.
Theory X
Theory X managers assume that employees are basically lazy,error-prone,and extrinsically motivated by money and,thus should be directed from above.
Theory Y
Theory Y managers assume that,under the proper conditions,employees are intrinsically motivated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity.
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