GBio Ch. 26 Part B Fungi

If all fungi in an environment that perform decomposition were to suddenly die, then which group of organisms should benefit most, after their fungal competitors have been removed?
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If all fungi in an environment that perform decomposition were to suddenly die, then which group of organisms should benefit most, after their fungal competitors have been removed?
prokaryotes
Please use the following information to answer the questions below.For several decades now, amphibian species worldwide have been in decline. A significant proportion of the decline seems to be due to the spread of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Chytrid sporangia reside within the epidermal cells of infected animals, animals that consequently show areas of sloughed skin. Infected animals can also be lethargic, which is expressed through failure to hide and failure to flee. The infection cycle typically takes four to five days, at the end of which zoospores are released from sporangia into the environment. Zoospores are spores of fungi (as well as some algae and protozoans) that use a flagella for swimming locomotion. In some amphibian species, mortality rates approach 100%; other species seem able to survive the infection.If infection primarily involves the outermost layers of adult amphibian skin, and if the chytrids use the skin as their sole source of nutrition, then which term best applies to the chytrids?
aerobic chemoheterotroph
Please use the following information to answer the questions below.Fairy rings are circles of fungi that often appear in open meadows and in forest areas. In the soil beneath the fungi is an ever-extending mycelium. As the mycelium spreads to seek more food, it sometimes will produce the fungi we see above ground. The figure depicts the outline of a fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The ring represents the farthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A—D are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface.What is the most probable location of the oldest portion of this mycelium?
C
Please use the following information to answer the questions below.Fairy rings are circles of fungi that often appear in open meadows and in forest areas. In the soil beneath the fungi is an ever-extending mycelium. As the mycelium spreads to seek more food, it sometimes will produce the fungi we see above ground. The figure depicts the outline of a fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The ring represents the farthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A—D are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface.Which location is nearest to basidiocarps?
A
Please use the following information to answer the questions below.For several decades now, amphibian species worldwide have been in decline. A significant proportion of the decline seems to be due to the spread of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Chytrid sporangia reside within the epidermal cells of infected animals, animals that consequently show areas of sloughed skin. Infected animals can also be lethargic, which is expressed through failure to hide and failure to flee. The infection cycle typically takes four to five days, at the end of which zoospores are released from sporangia into the environment. Zoospores are spores of fungi (as well as some algae and protozoans) that use a flagella for swimming locomotion. In some amphibian species, mortality rates approach 100%; other species seem able to survive the infection.The fact that infection by Bd causes lethargy in many infected amphibians can have what effect on efforts to accurately census the numbers of dead or dying amphibians at a particular time, in a particular habitat?
I.It can cause underestimation due to infected amphibians preferring to seek out refuges
relative to uninfected amphibians.
II.It can cause underestimation due to increased predation on, and removal of, infected
amphibians relative to uninfected amphibians.
III.It can cause overestimation because infected frogs should be more readily observable to
human census-takers than should uninfected amphibians.
II only
Fossil fungi date back to the origin and early evolution of plants. What combination of environmental and morphological change is similar in the evolution of both fungi and plants?
colonization of land and loss of flagellated cells
Please use the following information to answer the questions below.For several decades now, amphibian species worldwide have been in decline. A significant proportion of the decline seems to be due to the spread of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Chytrid sporangia reside within the epidermal cells of infected animals, animals that consequently show areas of sloughed skin. Infected animals can also be lethargic, which is expressed through failure to hide and failure to flee. The infection cycle typically takes four to five days, at the end of which zoospores are released from sporangia into the environment. Zoospores are spores of fungi (as well as some algae and protozoans) that use a flagella for swimming locomotion. In some amphibian species, mortality rates approach 100%; other species seem able to survive the infection.When adult amphibian skin harbors populations of the bacterium Janthinobacterium lividum (Jl), chytrid infection seems to be inhibited. Which of the following represents the best experimental design for conclusively determining whether this inhibition is real?
Take infected amphibians and assign them to two populations. Leave one population alone; inoculate the other with Jl. Measure the rate at which infection proceeds in both populations.
Please use the following information to answer the questions below.Fairy rings are circles of fungi that often appear in open meadows and in forest areas. In the soil beneath the fungi is an ever-extending mycelium. As the mycelium spreads to seek more food, it sometimes will produce the fungi we see above ground. The figure depicts the outline of a fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The ring represents the farthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A—D are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface.At which location should one find the lowest concentration of fungal enzymes, assuming that the enzymes do not diffuse far from their source and that no other fungi are present in this habitat?
D
Please use the following information to answer the questions below.Fairy rings are circles of fungi that often appear in open meadows and in forest areas. In the soil beneath the fungi is an ever-extending mycelium. As the mycelium spreads to seek more food, it sometimes will produce the fungi we see above ground. The figure depicts the outline of a fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The ring represents the farthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A—D are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface.All four locations are 0.5 m below the surface. On a breezy day with prevailing winds blowing from left to right, where should one expect to find the highest concentration of free basidiospores in an air sample?
D
What do fungi and arthropods have in common?
The protective coats of both groups are made of chitin.
The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi areI. composed of hyphae.II. referred to as a mycelium.III. usually underground.I, II, and IIIPlasmogamy can directly result in which of the following?I. cells with a single haploid nucleusII. heterokaryotic cellsIII. cells with two diploid nucleiII onlyAll fungi areheterotrophicWhich of the following refers to symbiotic relationships that involve fungi living between the cells in plant leaves?endophytesWhich of the following is a characteristic of hyphate fungi (fungi featuring hyphae)?They are adapted for rapid directional growth to new food sources.