art history exam 3

The Great Stupa at Sanchi, 150-50 BCE

Stupas= early burial mounds holding the Buddha's ashes

First ones located at sights important to the Buddha

Later stupas located at more accessible locations

Worshippers walk around the stupa to meditate

Sanchi is the Oldest and largest Buddhist monument in India

Archways decorated with stories of the Buddha's life

Dome shape of the stupa represents a person seated in meditation
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The Great Stupa at Sanchi, 150-50 BCE

Stupas= early burial mounds holding the Buddha's ashes

First ones located at sights important to the Buddha

Later stupas located at more accessible locations

Worshippers walk around the stupa to meditate

Sanchi is the Oldest and largest Buddhist monument in India

Archways decorated with stories of the Buddha's life

Dome shape of the stupa represents a person seated in meditation
Image: The Great Stupa at Sanchi, 150-50 BCE Stupas= early burial mounds holding the Buddha's ashes First ones located at sights important to the Buddha Later stupas located at more accessible locations Worshippers walk around the stupa to meditate Sanchi is the Oldest and largest Buddhist monument in India Archways decorated with stories of the Buddha's life Dome shape of the stupa represents a person seated in meditation
Buddha and Attendants, late 1st-early 2nd CE

Hand raised in a mudra of fearlessness and protection

Seated in lotus pose

Halo depicted on the stele

Inscribed dates along the relief panel to record donor gifts that connect this sculpture to the king in power at the time

Wheels on his palms and soles of his feet - emblems of the Buddha
Image: Buddha and Attendants, late 1st-early 2nd CE Hand raised in a mudra of fearlessness and protection Seated in lotus pose Halo depicted on the stele Inscribed dates along the relief panel to record donor gifts that connect this sculpture to the king in power at the time Wheels on his palms and soles of his feet - emblems of the Buddha
Bodhisattva from Cave 1 at Ajanta, 475 CE

Caves originated in the Dynasty

Paintings within the Rock-cut architecture

Monastaries with a series of different numbered rooms

Very dark rooms,

Enlightenment, sympathy and compassion

Bodhisattvas postpone their own enlightenment until the help every being into Nirvana

Lotus flower - symbolizes their eventual enlightenment

Scenes behind tell the life story of the larger figure

Bending posture and screne facial expression = royal ease
Image: Bodhisattva from Cave 1 at Ajanta, 475 CE Caves originated in the Dynasty Paintings within the Rock-cut architecture Monastaries with a series of different numbered rooms Very dark rooms, Enlightenment, sympathy and compassion Bodhisattvas postpone their own enlightenment until the help every being into Nirvana Lotus flower - symbolizes their eventual enlightenment Scenes behind tell the life story of the larger figure Bending posture and screne facial expression = royal ease
Seated Guanyin Bodhisattva, 11-12th century CE

Bohisattva - haven't quite reached enlightenment. Have chosen to stay back to help others to reach enlightenment and guide people on their path
Different Bodhisattvas
Ornamented and shown in princely robes

Carved from wood in northern song china

Reflection of enlightenment, compassion, and guidance

Royal ease pose - symbol of help and guidance it is more relaxed

The one that always hears - name means

Sculpture positioned above us so down cast gaze reveals her
attentiveness to the worshipper
Image: Seated Guanyin Bodhisattva, 11-12th century CE Bohisattva - haven't quite reached enlightenment. Have chosen to stay back to help others to reach enlightenment and guide people on their path Different Bodhisattvas Ornamented and shown in princely robes Carved from wood in northern song china Reflection of enlightenment, compassion, and guidance Royal ease pose - symbol of help and guidance it is more relaxed The one that always hears - name means Sculpture positioned above us so down cast gaze reveals her attentiveness to the worshipper
Fan Kuan, Travelers Among Mountains and Streams, early 11th century CE

Chinese landscape painting
Scholar painters - ammature artists
Ways of communicating complex ideas/symbolic ideas
Travelers among mountains and streams
Very clear details that root us very close
Also give scale, shows mist into the mountains
Travelers hard to find
Show human connect to nature
Image: Fan Kuan, Travelers Among Mountains and Streams, early 11th century CE Chinese landscape painting Scholar painters - ammature artists Ways of communicating complex ideas/symbolic ideas Travelers among mountains and streams Very clear details that root us very close Also give scale, shows mist into the mountains Travelers hard to find Show human connect to nature
Xia Gui, Twelve Views of Landscape, early 13th century CE

Section of twelve views of landscape
Senses of depth
Negative space used for both water on one side and misty mountains on the other, great distance of the mountain peaks
Image: Xia Gui, Twelve Views of Landscape, early 13th century CE Section of twelve views of landscape Senses of depth Negative space used for both water on one side and misty mountains on the other, great distance of the mountain peaks
Hinged Clasp from Sutton Hoo, ca.7th century

Found in a ship burial
Example of stylized and abstracted patterning
Gold set with garnet and blue glass
Abstracted animals
Stubborn scary powerful animal - a boar - connected to royalty and kingship
Oseburg burial ship
Viking burial ship, 2 women
Queen and her attendant
Heads and bodies of animals abstracted and entetwined in lacy pattern
Wouldve been painted in jewel tones, found paint remnants
Image: Hinged Clasp from Sutton Hoo, ca.7th century Found in a ship burial Example of stylized and abstracted patterning Gold set with garnet and blue glass Abstracted animals Stubborn scary powerful animal - a boar - connected to royalty and kingship Oseburg burial ship Viking burial ship, 2 women Queen and her attendant Heads and bodies of animals abstracted and entetwined in lacy pattern Wouldve been painted in jewel tones, found paint remnants
Book of Durrow: St. Matthew, ca. 7th century

Biblical texts made into hand made book
First pages have illuminated illustrations
First couple pages of the book of matthew
Held onto and protected by monasteries
Momestaries libraries/ universities
Books are all hand written
Monks specialized in creation of hand made manuscripts
Paper has not come to europe yet, so all put on animal skins were treated
Either parchment or vellum
Silver or gold shown are actually liquid metal
Highly precious objects
Giant cloak depicted, outlined in gold, with repeating patterns within
Image: Book of Durrow: St. Matthew, ca. 7th century Biblical texts made into hand made book First pages have illuminated illustrations First couple pages of the book of matthew Held onto and protected by monasteries Momestaries libraries/ universities Books are all hand written Monks specialized in creation of hand made manuscripts Paper has not come to europe yet, so all put on animal skins were treated Either parchment or vellum Silver or gold shown are actually liquid metal Highly precious objects Giant cloak depicted, outlined in gold, with repeating patterns within
Book of Kells: Chi-rho page, late 8th-9th century

Inkwork that mirrors the metalwork of the time
Extreme patterning, detailing, swirls
Human head at the end of the letter, perhaps the head of Christ himself
Page is a meditation on Christ himself
Animals (mouse and cat) depicted fighting over the eucharist
Symbolic of the battle between good and evil
Image: Book of Kells: Chi-rho page, late 8th-9th century Inkwork that mirrors the metalwork of the time Extreme patterning, detailing, swirls Human head at the end of the letter, perhaps the head of Christ himself Page is a meditation on Christ himself Animals (mouse and cat) depicted fighting over the eucharist Symbolic of the battle between good and evil
Lindisfarne Gospel: Beginning text page of the Gospel of Matthew, c. 715-720

From monastery
Beginnings of the book of matthew
Page which cross with repeating spiral knot shapes
These pages creation are act of devotion by the people creating them, prayerful meditation, used within their christian practices
Impact of the animals and jewerly
Saint matthew writing his gospel
Mirrors carving from ancient rome
Image: Lindisfarne Gospel: Beginning text page of the Gospel of Matthew, c. 715-720 From monastery Beginnings of the book of matthew Page which cross with repeating spiral knot shapes These pages creation are act of devotion by the people creating them, prayerful meditation, used within their christian practices Impact of the animals and jewerly Saint matthew writing his gospel Mirrors carving from ancient rome
Oseberg Ship, ca. 815-820 Viking burial ship, 2 women Queen and her attendant Heads and bodies of animals abstracted and entetwined in lacy pattern Wouldve been painted in jewel tones, found paint remnantsStave Church at Borgund, Norway, c. 1125-1150 Staves are the large verticle posts that create the structure of the church Portal carving of the urnes stave church Curving complicated lines entertwining, highly abstracted animal forms Spiraling patterns to highlight animal shoulder and hips Repeating and create illusion there's more animals behindThe Great Serpant Mound, c. 1070 CE The great serpent mound Moundbuilders: fort ancient / mississippian culture 1300 feet long Spiraled tail on left, into curves of snake body, tip on right Open mouth of the snake, eye or egg, or frog it's about to devour Highly organized people, farmer - maize and beans and squash No written record Head towards east and tail towards west Oriented with summer and winter solstices respectively Could be celestial calendar for crops Or compassMesa Verde, c. 1150-1300 CE Housed about 125 people, roughly 50 rooms, multi stories tall Nestled within the natural rock formation is the cliff palace Made of stone and morder and plaster Plaster the murals, many murals dont survive, but the ones that did decorated with animals and geometric designsTeotihuacan, 100-650 CE Ceremonial Center of the city of teotihuacan Pyramid of the moon, in front of it large courtyard with other temples surrounding Another pyramid nearby, of the sun Further in the distance, of the feathered serpent Aztecs the ones who namedSarcophagus of Pakal The Great, c. 683 CE Portrait of lord pakal Long bridge of north and open mouth typical of myan culture Feather and jade headdressShield Jaguar and Lady Xok, Lintel 24 from Yaxchilan, c. 726 CE Shield Jaguar and Lady Xoc,, Lady Xoc's version of a giant snake In post and lintel, is above the lintel, Husband and wife, on right is lady's vision of a giant snake Wearing large headdress, jade necklace, very bejeweled He holds torch above her Glyphs around it tell whats happening in scene Spiked rope across her tongue and paper to catch blood, ritual celebrating the birth of a son, Blood of the ruling elite is tied to the fertility gods and goddesses Has the vision when her husband becomes the principle rulerNasca Geoglyphs, c. 1-700 CE Morphing and changing Nasca geoglyphs, over 800 miles with 36 different images, sacred images? Some animals seen are connected to sacred ones, etched into the rock exposing sand Can only see them aerially, Used simple tools to move the dirt Possibly for a divine audienceMoche Portrait Vessel, c. 100-700 CE Could be a kind with elaborate animal headdress Earrings Two toned, not as many colors Objects are buried with peopleParacas Mantle with Double Fish Pattern, c. 1st century CE Embroidered funerary mantle Multiplicities and repeating dualities Could help bridge the gap between the earthly realm and spiritual realm Humans and animals heavily abstracted in bright color Morphing and changing representation Alpaca thread Over 150 dyees Dancing figuresSantiago de Compostela, 1078-1122 Major place of pilgrimage Stone, sense of weight to it Rounded arch = romanesque ( pointed = gothic ) Transverse arches Walls have to hold up the roof Detail but functionalReliquary of Sainte Foy, 9th-10th century Stolen from one church to another Contains remains of a child saint Died in the 3rd century The reliquary case represents what its holding Child on throne, hands out in blessing Jewels adorn it as act of devotionChrist and Disciples on the Road to Emmaus, 1100 On a pier decorating church Telling stories on all piers Body proportions unrealistic, figures gliding and floating Curving graceful lines Curves show how they're stepping, towards christ The architecture is the box for the space that the sculpture resides within Story is after is resurrection, on the way to town they encounter christ and dont know its him Halos signify theyre holy figures Cross halo is christSaint-Pierre at Moissac, c. 1115 Jesus and majesty Christ is largest and lesser figures become smallest Christ is the static and calm, hand raised and gesture of blessing, hand raised on book of life Gospel symbols surrounding him looking towards him Angels also looking towards Wavy lines to represent sea Elders surrounding all looking at Christ Way bodies are posed convey what they are thinking or feeling and add to the narrative Ribbon surrounding them all creates movement like water, gives scene of heaven energy Jambs holding up the tympanum, testify to christ and his importance Clothing forms to the body, stylized Lions crossingGislebertus, Last Judgment Tympanum at Saint-Lazare, ca. 1120-1130 Christ acts as a judge at the end of time Last judgement scene Jesus heals lazarus This particular church holds remains of lazarus so people go to for healing Unsure if artist was named or patreon Facial expressions extremely clear Hierarchy of size shows importance Right side of the image those who are saved, orderly in heaven, depicted as a church Left side depicts hells and demons, michel the archangel tries to save souls Demons cheating and holding onto basketThe Magi Asleep, c. 1125 saint lazare, autun Come into the church and see capitals that tell narratives Different perspectives for narrative clarityFontenay Abbey, 1139-1147 Example of austerity group, simplified structureSpeyer Cathedral, ca.1080-1106 Paid for by the holy roman empire Super large building Stone walls Compound peers Hold up ceiling Rounded arches Groin vaults allow for it to be so high, draws weight downward into the ground and support structures Development and experiment in scale X formations help supportThe Codex Colbertinus: St. Matthew, c. 1100 Matt's feet don't bare weight, confined to his boxBayeux Embroidery, c. 1066-1082 Story of the norman conquest of england as told from the normans Scene depiction of harold storming the throne Prepare food, bishop blesses foodSaint-Denis, 1140-1144 Gets remodeled Used light to transport people to a heavenly space Pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses Stained glass, rose windows Open concept Light and aery and space is unified Pointed arches are like mini arrows Emphasis on verticality Ribbed vaults in the ceiling help support the weightChartres Cathedral, 1134-1260 Famous relic that goes on tour to raise money for finished construction Ribbed vaulting that creates a visual sense of unity Competition for tallest building Largest collection of original stained glass 4200 feet, 142 pieces Good samaritan window Story leading downRoyal Portal of Chartres Cathedral, ca. 1145-1155 Tympanum, lintel, details and stories, christ in majesty and 24 elders All the figures have connection in the bibleNorth Transept Rose Window of Chartres Cathedral, ca. 1230-1235 Commissioned by the king Center is mary and jesus Saints surrounding, prophets Flour do le Blue bg with gold detailingsAnnunciation and Visitation, ca. 1230-1255 longated figures, painted details More naturalistic Drapery falls in a more naturalistic way (left) more still and right more naturalistic Gothic sculptures come in and make things more naturalisticSainte-Chapelle, 1239-1248 Louie the 9th also sponsors Private chapel for the royal family Contained relic of the crown of thorns Pointed arches Removal of any form of stone between the compound arches Blue and gold stars on the ceiling Gold and blue and red colors echoed in the stained glass Iron belts going around the building (within the windows themselves) to hold up the structureEkkehard and Uta, ca. 1245-1260 Portait like , patrons of the church, statues created a long time after churchwas made Strength of handds to hold up garments

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