Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

apes unit 2 exam review

Terms in this set (50)

in which of the following ecosystems do tree roots serve as important havens for biodiversity?
mangrove forests
which of the following is often considered a pioneer species?
lichen
anthropogenic source of methane include...
landfills
the us government has created a section of marine protected areas off the coast of california that extends from santa barbara to mexico. what is the major goal of creating protected areas?
to reduce stress on fishery population and increase biodiversity
environmentalists oppose the mining of antarctic mineral resources because...
the antarctic environment is fragile and extremely vulnerable to the disturbance that would accompany development.
which of the following is most likely to be the direct result of lack of genetic diversity in a food crop such as corn?
increased susceptibility to plant disease
If the pond is resampled a year later, which of the following would best indicate that the pond had been adversely affected by adjacent development?
the biodiversity of the pond has decreased
which of the following is the best example of a keystone species?
sea otter
population biologists are concerned about introduced species such as zebra mussel in north america because...
the introduced species compete for resources more effectively than native species.
in the global temperature warmed for any reason, atmospheric water vapor would increase due to evaporation. this would increase the greenhouse effect and thereby further raise the temperature. as a result, the ice caps would melt back, making the planet less reflective so that it would warm further. this process is an example of...
positive feedback loop
which of the following threats to biodiversity would fall under the category of the introduction of an exotic or invasive species?
(II only) - sea lampreys swimming up the earie canal to enter the great lakes
viability is the capacity of living organisms to live, develop, or germinate under favorable conditions. which of the following factors decreases a population's viability.
(I only) - specialized niche
the greatest species diversity would be found in...
the community composed primarily of established balsam fir, white spruce, and paper birch trees
in which of the following pairs of items would biodiversity be more likely to be LESS in the first area than the second?
temperate area; tropical area
the properties of a community are influenced by...
all of the above - geochemical and climatic processes, the amounts and kinds of resources, adaptation of individuals for exploiting resources, interspecific competition
chemical weapons, mimicry, and camouflage are adaptations that...
predators and prey use for capture and escape
the biggest threat to a species is...
loss of habitat
species that serves as early warnings of environmental damage are called...
indicator species
which category of ecosystem cervices best details the awarding of a grant to research the breeding patterns of a snail population along the headwaters of the brazos river which results in a literary publication in an invertebrate scientific journal?
cultural
A species of malaria-carrying mosquito lives in a forest in which two species of monkeys, A and B, coexist. Species A is immune to malaria, but species B is not. The malaria-carrying mosquito is the chief food for a particular kind of bird in the forest. If all these birds were suddenly eliminated by hunters, which of the following would be an immediately observable consequence?
increased mortality in monkey species B
which of the following best explains why many different species can live together within an ecosystem with limited resources?
each species occupies a different niche
Based on the theory of island biogeography, you would predict that large islands near the mainland would have relatively...
high immigration and low extinction rates
as a pong goes form an early successional stage to late succession, it acquires all of the following characteristics EXCEPT...
the water quality decreased in organic matter
which of the following ecosystem services it categorized as regulating?
pollination, decomposition, and purification
the table below represents the number of individuals of a different species that were counted in three forest communities. which of the following statements best interprets these data?
community c has greater species richness than community b
the northern elephant seal was once hunted to near extinction. only 20 animals remained alive in 1890. after the species was protected from hunting, its population grew to nearly 30,000 animals, but the large population possesses very low genetic variation. which of the following processes in the BEST interpretation of this scenario?
evolution by the bottleneck effect
which of the following elements is most likely to limit primary production in freshwater lakes?
phosphorus
biomass can be...
(I, II, and III) - solar energy converted to chemical energy, derived from living of recently living organisms, energy available for trophic levels
based on the provided data, which ecosystem, is considered a climax community?
ecosystem c
living organisms must acquired energy from their environment. examples of adaptions that help organisms acquire this energy must include which of the following?
(I and II) - the dark, heat absorbing coloration of a reptile, the fangs and claws of a cheetah
which of the following best shows the process of evolution?
a population of mosquitos develops resistance to a pesticide.
in north america, native pollinators often increase the quantity and quality of crops of native plants that are insect pollinated more effectively than european honeybees do. the most likely reason for the phenomenon is that native pollinators...
have coevolved with native plant species
Which of the following would be categorized as a cultural ecosystem service of forests?
Recreation and scenic areas for tourism
Which of the following correctly describes the disruption of an ecosystem service by an anthropogenic activity?
Provisioning services are disrupted by increased combustion of fossil fuels, which leads to an increase in air pollution.
A one-hectare pond is sampled in early September. The sample yields 1 small catfish as well as 17 benthic invertebrates that represent 10 species.
Which of the following can be estimated from the sample for the invertebrates in the pond?
The species richness
Which of the following can be used to assess the biological diversity of an area?
Genetic variation within each species and number of species present
Which of the following statements about levels of biodiversity is correct?
A population with high genetic biodiversity is better able to respond to environmental stressors.
Which of the following best explains how environmental stressors, such as wildfires, can affect biodiversity in an ecosystem?
Ecosystems with more species diversity are more likely to recover after a disturbance than ecosystems with low species diversity.
All of the following are negative externalities EXCEPT
bees pollinating vegetables in addition to creating honey
For which of the following reasons do small isolated islands have a greater rate of species extinction than larger, less isolated islands?
Small isolated islands have a lower availability of resources.
Small populations of animals, such as those typically found on islands, are prone to extinction because
they are more vulnerable to unpredictable events
Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following is the most likely reason that an island in the ocean that is 5 kilometers from a continent would have a higher number of species than one that is 15 kilometers from a continent?
There are more species that have the ability to travel 5 kilometers than can travel 15 kilometers.
A North Carolina timber company proposes to clear-cut 45 hectares of oak-hickory deciduous forest in the Appalachian Mountains. The company has said that the forest will regrow naturally, and 50 years after the clear-cutting the company plans to harvest again, cutting all the oaks and hickories that have at least a 40-centimeter diameter. A local citizens' group claims that this is not a realistic plan. Which of the following, if true, best supports the claim of the citizens' group?
Oak and hickory are late-successional species; pioneer species will dominate for many decades before the oaks and hickories are reestablished.
A research team monitoring a local freshwater ecosystem noticed that over the past few years the otter population had declined significantly, while the populations of other species remained fairly constant. After running tests, the research team determined that mercury levels in invertebrates and small fish in the ecosystem were very high. In this ecosystem, what role did the otters occupy?
indicator species
Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem service that would provide protection from a hurricane storm surge?
An intact coastal wetland
Which of the following ecosystem services is categorized as regulating?
Pollination, decomposition, and water purification
Which of the following economic consequences to a provisioning ecosystem service will most likely result from increased global warming?
The collapse of local fisheries, because of the damage to coral reefs from ocean acidification
Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following islands would most likely have the highest number of species living on it?
An island 30 hectares in size that is 10 kilometers off the coast of the mainland
The image shows two different islands and the relative distance to the nearest mainland. Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following best predicts the effect of the introduction of an invasive species on Easter Island compared to Madagascar?
The native species on Madagascar are more likely to survive because the island is larger and provides a greater diversity of habitats and resources.
An island off the coast of Africa contains a larger percentage of specialist species than generalist species. Which of the following describes the most immediate effect if an invasive generalist species is introduced to the island?
As competition for resources increases, the population size of the island's specialist species will decrease.
Sets found in the same folder