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Ati science set

Terms in this set (94)

Inflammation, production of interferon, and ingestion of pathogens by phagocytes are nonspecific cellular responses by which of the following?
The internal aspect of the innate immune system.
What feature of the adaptive immune system decreases the amount of time it takes for the body to respond to a particular antigen?
Memory cells
Which of the following occurs in the cardiac cycle if the impulse triggered at the sinoatrial node never reaches the Purkinje fibers of the heart?
The ventricles will not contract.
Which of the following blood vessels is identified by the letter "K" in the image?
pulmonary artery
Which of the following heart chambers is identified by the letter "C" in the image?
right ventricle
Which of the following results from the blockage of blood flow to cardiac muscle tissue?
myocardial infarction
Which of the following describes the link between damaged villi and malnutrition?
Damaged villi decrease the nutrient-absorbing surface area in the gastrointestinal tract.
Which of the following organs is responsible for the majority of the chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients in the digestive system?
small intestine
Which of the following statements correctly describes neurons?
Motor neurons carry an efferent impulse
Contraction occurs when the thin ___ filaments slide past the thicker __ filaments, causing the sarcomere unit to shorten or contract.
actin and myosin
Which of the following nerve structures transmits nerve impulses to other cells?
axon
The endocrine system is a collection of ductless glands that produce which of the following responses?
A slowly initiating but prolonged response on other body systems
Which of the following terms refers to the integration center between the endocrine and nervous systems?
hypothalamus
Which of the following glands has an exocrine function and aids in the regulation of blood glucose?
pancreas
Which of the following terms refers to the middle layer of the skin that is made of connective tissue?
dermis
Which of the following is produced by the skin when a cholesterol-based precursor is modified by the presence of ultraviolet radiation?
Vitamin D
Which of the following types of bone cells perform mineral resorption?
osteoclasts
Inside of adult long bones, yellow bone marrow is located within which of the following?
medullary cavity
Which of the following is a progressive autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation and pain?
rheumatoid arthritis
Which of the following terms is used to refer to the anatomical plane of reference shown at the figure's waist, indicated by a light orange color?
transverse plane
Which of the following statements describes the function of ribosomes?
they facilitate protein synthesis
Which of the following types of tissue serves to fasten and support body parts?
connective
Which of the following causes low lung compliance as a result of elastic lung tissue destruction?
emphysema
Which of the following leaves the body via the vas deferens?
Gametes
At which of the following sites does implantation of a fertilized ovum occur?
uterus
Which of the following reproductive organs produces sperm in males and ova in females?
gonads
Which of the following is the process during which glucose and amino acids enter the renal tubule and are transported to the peritubular capillaries?
reabsorption
Which of the following parts of the brain controls balance and equilibrium?
cerebellum
Which of the following is the term used to describe an action potential jumping from node to node in an axon?
saltatory conduction
Genetic information describing the characteristics of an organism is found in which of the following?
nucleus
Which of the following statements correctly describes a major metabolic pathway?
respiration is an oxidative, degradative pathway
Which of the following best describes the result of mitosis?
new body cells that replace damaged body cells
polysaccharide can be described as which of the following?
A carbohydrate that is made of many sugar molecules
If a DNA segment of GGA TAC ATA is used as a template for RNA, what will the sequence of bases be in the complementary codons?
CCU AUG UAU
Inheritance can be described as which of the following?
transmission of characteristics to offspring
An atom that has lost an electron becomes ___ in charge and is called a(n) ___
positive, cation
Which of the following statements is true about protons?
they are located in the nucleus of an atom
Which of the following characteristics applies to the bonds holding together nonpolar covalent molecules?
They share electrons between atoms and result in a balanced distribution of charges throughout the molecule.
Which of the following is characteristic of a graph displaying the physical states of a substance under varying temperature and pressure?
Having temperature and pressure as its axes and is called a phase diagram
Which of the following compounds is formed when a reaction between an acid and base results in the acid's hydrogen being replaced by a cation?
salt
Which of the following is the appropriate prefix to measure the amount of space taken up by a penny?
milli
Which of the following is a true statement about SI Units?
SI units are part of a standard system of measurement that is used in science.
In which of the following scenarios is empirical data being collected?
Samantha counts the number of school nurses that pass her house on Monday between 2:00 pm to 3:00 pm.
Which of the following is a requirement in order to develop a sound conclusion?
data that is collected from an experiment that includes a control
Which of the following statements is true about understanding magnitude when describing relationships?
A micrometer is smaller than a centimeter, and a centimeter is smaller than a kilometer
Which of the following is an example of a hypothesis?
If a plant is watered with acid rain, it will grow more slowly
Students are designing an experiment to test the effect of drinking lemonade on the number of sit-ups they are able to perform. Which of the
following is the dependent variable?
number of sit-ups
Which of the following is a part of the adaptive immune system?
B cells
Which of the following is a white blood cell that has the primary job of ingesting foreign material?
macrophage
Which of the following stimulates the production of antibodies?
vaccine
Which of the following types of defense can be gained through the placenta, breast milk, or by receiving a serum containing antibodies?
passive immunity
Which of the following processes occurs during tubular reabsorption?
useful material moves from filtrate back into the bloodstream
Which of the following correctly describes the function of a structure in the circulatory system?
the pulmonary artery contains oxygen-poor blood
Which of the following structures of the heart contains oxygen-rich blood?
pulmonary veins
Which of the following components of the blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body?
hemoglobin
Which of the following liquids emulsifies lipids during digestion?
bile
Which of the following terms refers to the involuntary waves of contractions in the digestive system that move food through the gastrointestinal tract?
peristalsis
Which of the following terms refers to the part of the nervous system that causes skeletal muscle contractions?
somatic division
Renal arteries are defined as which of the following?
branches of the abdominal aorta that supply the kidneys
Which of the following results from a deficit in the production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone?
the thyroid gland does not produce a sufficient amount of its primary hormone
Which of the following hormones is released and stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth?
oxytocin
Which of the following is a mechanism that stimulates glandular secretions to continue to increase, temporarily pushing levels further out of homeostasis, until a particular biological effect is reached?
positive feedback
Inhibited function of the sweat glands could result in which of the following?
loss of the ability to regulate body temperature
Which of the following provides a practical means of warming the body via integumental thermoregulation?
cutaneous vasoconstriction
Which of the following is a result of inhibited osteoblast function at the epiphyseal plate?
mineralization will not occur in this location
If mineral resorption is prevented, and calcium is not removed from bone, which of the following occurs?
The resulting pathology is called hypocalcemia
Which of the following terms refers to a self-contained part of an organism that performs a specific function?
organ
Which of the following terms refers to the small passages of the respiratory system that terminate in air sacs?
Bronchioles
Which of the following scenarios would result in a human zygote containing 47 chromosomes instead of the typical 46 chromosomes?
chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis
Which of the following structures transports female gametes?
Fallopian tube
Which of the following processes occurs within the cell nucleus?
Transcription producing mRNA
Which of the following describes the function of acetylcholine in a neuromuscular junction?
Binds to receptor proteins on the sarcolemma, which results in the opening of sodium channels
Which of the following is the function of myelin in the nervous system?
insulate axons
Which of the following is considered the fundamental contraction unit of striated muscle?
sarcomere
Which of the following hormones inhibits osteoblasts and stimulates osteoclasts to increase blood calcium levels?
parathyroid hormone
According to the sliding filament theory, which ion binds with troponin on the actin myofilaments, causing the myosin-binding sites to be exposed?
Calcium
Which of the following cell types can differentiate to become several other types of cells?
stem cells
Viral DNA that has been inserted into the host DNA would be found in which of the following?
nucleus
Which of the following is a unique feature of mitosis?
production of identical daughter cells
Which of the following macromolecule groups contain enzymes?
proteins
How does genetic information result in linking a particular sequence of amino acids to make a protein?
DNA serves as a template for the production of messenger RNA, and transfer RNA molecules serve as "bridges" between that mRNA and amino acids
In Mendelian inheritance, which of the following is a condition of an F, monohybrid cross?
A cross is made between parents that are heterozygous at one specific gene.
Atomic mass has a decimal because it is the average.
___ number of all the isotopes for a particular element. The atomic number of an element is the number of ____ protons in its nucleus
Mass; protons
The molecular formula for glucose is C6H1206. This molecule is made up of 24 __ and 3 ____
Atoms and elements
On the periodic table, the number of which of the following particles in each element increases as you move down in periods and toward the right of
the periodic table?
protons
The direct transition from a solid to a gas may occur through which of the following processes?
sublimation
In a redox reaction, the species in the reaction that loses the electron is ___ and the species that gains the electron is ___
oxidized, reduced
If a penny has the mass of 2.5 ___ it can also be said to have a mass of 250 ___
grams; centigrams
Which of the following measurements are based on Sl Units?
Decigram
Which of the following formulas can be used to measure the volume of a rectangular box?
Volume = height x length x width
Which of the following best describes a conclusion?
an end judgement based on data
During the Spring and Summer months, lan counted the number of birds he saw at dusk and the number of insects he saw at night. He noticed that
the more birds he counted, the fewer insects he observed. Which of the following types of relationships did lan observe?
A correlation
A group of students want to test the effects of chewing gum on test performance. Which of the following is the most appropriate control?
Not chewing gum during the test
An experimental design must___ bias and ___ precision and accuracy of the data.
Minimize; maximize
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