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IPC: Newton's Laws, Lab Safety and Scientific Method, IPC: Electricity, Metric Conversions - conversion practice, Energy, IPC: Magnetism

Terms in this set (78)

Newton's First Law
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Newton's Second Law
It takes more force to move heavier objects. (Force = mass x acceleration)
Newton's Third Law
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Example of Newton's First Law
A ball rolling down a hill will continue to roll unless friction or another force stops it.
Example of Newton's Second Law
If you use the same force to push a truck and push a car, the car will have more acceleration than the truck, because the car has less mass.
Example of Newton's Third Law
A rocket takes off because the force from the engines pushes on the ground.
Balanced Forces
Equal forces acting in opposite directions that does not change an object's motion
Unbalanced Forces
Forces that are not equal and cause a change in the motion of an object
Inertia
The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion
Net Force
The overall force on an object when all the individual forces acting on it are added together
Scientific Method
What we call the plan for asking questions and testing possible answers.
Observations
This is what the scientific method typically begins with.
Hypothesis
A possible answer to a scientific inquiry.
Evidence
Any type of data that may either agree or disagree with a hypothesis.
Dependent Variable
The variable observed to see how the tested subject responded to the changes made (this variable is measured in an experiment).
Independent Variable
The variable that is changed by the scientist.
Control
The group that serves as the standard of comparison (what typically occurs in a normal situation).
Theory
A broad explanation for events that is widely accepted as true.
Quantitative data
20.0g is an example of what kind of data?
Qualitative data
Noting a chemical smelling like rotten eggs is an example of what kind of data?
Seeds growing in the darkness
In our radish seed lab, what is the independent variable?
Seeds growing in the light
In our radish see lab, what is the control?
The amount of seeds that spout
In our radish seed lab, what could be a dependent variable?
electricity
A form of energy caused by the movement of electrons.
Protons
Positively charged particles
Electrons
Negatively charged particles
Transferring charge
Electrons moving from one object to another
electric field
a field of force surrounding a charged particle
electrical force
A force that one charge exerts on another. When the charges are the same sign, they repel; when the charges are opposite, they attract.
conductors
materials that allow electric charges to flow through them easily
insulators
materials that prevent electric charges from flowing through them easily
grounding
providing a path for electric charges to flow safely into the ground
circuit
a path for an electrical current to flow around
simple circuit
a circuit that has only one pathway for electricity to flow through.
parallel circuit
A circuit that contains more than one path for current flow.
1000 cm
10 m = _____ cm
10000 mm
10 m = _____ mm
0.01 km
10 m = _____ km
0.12 m
12 cm = _____ m
120 mm
12 cm = _____ mm
0.00012 km
12 cm = _____ km
1500 cm
15000 mm = _____ cm
15 m
15000 mm = _____ m
0.015 km
15000 mm = _____ km
1750 m
1.75 km = _____ m
175000 cm
1.75 km = _____ cm
1750000 mm
1.75 km = _____ mm
1000 mm
1 m = _____ mm
100 cm
1 m = _____ cm
0.001 km
1 m = _____ km
Energy
The ability to do work or cause change
Mechanical Energy
Kinetic or potential energy associated with the motion or position of an object
Thermal Energy
Heat energy
Chemical Energy
Energy stored in chemical bonds
Electrical Energy
The energy of electric charges
Potential Energy
Energy that is stored and held in readiness
Kinetic Energy
The energy an object has due to its motion
Elastic Potential Energy
The energy of stretched or compressed objects
Chemical Potential Energy
Energy stored in chemical bonds
Gravitational Potential Energy
Potential energy that depends on the height of an object
Conservation of Energy
A principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be altered from one form to another
Nuclear Potential Energy
Energy stored in the atoms
Radiant Energy
Light energy that consists of transverse waves
Sound Energy
Vibrations transferred through an object in a wave.
Magnet
Any material that attracts iron and materials that contain iron
Electromagnetic wave
A longitudinal wave that can move through the vacuum of space.
Magnetic field
The area of magnetic force around a magnet
Charges
Two types exist: positive and negative
Radient energy
Energy carried by an electromagnetic wave
Wave speed
The speed at which a wave travels
Wavelength
The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave
Photons
Particles of light
Magnetic poles
Two ends of a magnet where the magnetic forces are strongest
Electromagnet
A coil that has a soft iron core and that acts as a magnet when an electric current is in the coil
Electrons
Negatively charged particles
Protons
Positively charged particles
Electric field
A field formed when objects collect electric charges.
Force
A push or pull between two objects.
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