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BIO 111 FINAL (Exam 2)

Terms in this set (30)

Which of the following statements best describes one major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.
Which of following pairs of organism groups consist solely of prokaryotic cells?
Bacteria and Archaea
Which of the following parameters is most likely to limit the maximum size of a cell?
the ratio of surface area to volume of cytoplasm
Disruption of nuclear pore complexes in a eukaryotic cell will most likely interfere with the transport of which of the following molecules out of the nucleus?
mRNA
Which of the following organelles often occupy the majority of the volume of a plant cell?
Central vacuole
The liver is involved in the detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is abundant in liver cells and primarily responsible for detoxification processes?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for the production and modification of polysaccharides that will be secreted?
Golgi apparatus
A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is most likely specialized to carry out which of the following processes?
synthesis of large quantities of lipids
A newly synthesized protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell will generally follow which of the pathways listed below?
rough ER --> Golgi --> transport vesicle --> plasma membrane
Cyanide binds with at least one protein complex involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the bound cyanide is likely to be localized within which of the following organelles?
Mitochondria
Which of the following molecules is required by cells to assemble cilia or flagella?
tubulin
Researchers investigating the mechanism of vesicle transport assembled a cell-free system that included microtubules, vesicles, and ATP. However, they observed no movement of transport of vesicles because the mixture was missing which of the following components?
motor proteins
Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through which of the following structures?
gap junctions
Passive leakage of partially digested material from the small intestine into the human abdominal cavity may result from defects in which of the following type of intercellular junction?
tight junctions
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
centriole
Which of the following statements about a typical plasma membrane is correct?
Two sides of the plasma membrane have different lipid and protein composition
Which of the following statements describes the role of the transport protein in facilitated diffusion?
Transport proteins allow solutes to move passively down their concentration gradients across the membrane
Active and passive transport of solutes across a membrane typically differ in which of the following ways
Active transport always involves the utilization of cellular energy, whereas passive transport does not require cellular Energy
If the concentration of phosphate in the cytosol is 2.0 mM and the concentration of phosphate in the surrounding fluid is 0.1 mM, how could the cell increase the concentration of phosphate in the cytosol?
Active transport
Which of the following is a common trait of chloroplasts and mitochondria
Both contain their own DNA
Which of the following statements best describes the structure of a membrane based on the mosaic model?
The membrane is composed of a fluid bilayer of phospholipids with embedded amphipathic proteins.
Cell membranes have distinct inside and outside faces. Which of the following statements is the most plausible explanation for the asymmetrical nature of the two layers of the membrane?
The two layers of a cell membrane face different environments and carry out different functions.
Which of the following statements best describes how unsaturated fatty acids increase membrane fluidity at lower temperatures?
The double bonds form kinks in the fatty acid tails, preventing adjacent lipids from packing tightly.
Which of the following types of of molecules will diffuse through a cell membrane most readily?
small hydrophobic molecules
Which of the following statements best describes a characteristic feature of diffusion?
It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
What will happen to a red blood cell (RBC), which has an internal ion content of about 0.9%, if it is placed into a beaker of pure water?
The cell will swell because the water in the beaker is hypotonic relative to the cytoplasm of the RBC.
The voltage across a membrane is called the __.
membrane potential
Diffusion of ions across membranes through specific ion channels is driven by ________.
ion electrochemical gradients
Which of the following molecules would decrease the electrochemical gradient across a membrane?
a potassium channel
The force driving simple diffusion is__, while the energy source for active transport is __.
a concentration gradient; ATP hydrolysis
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