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Exercise Phys Exam 1 2021

Terms in this set (37)

Which system produces ATP at the slowest rate?

a. phosphagen system
b. oxidative phosphorylation
c. glycolysis
oxidative phosphorylation
Which substrate accounts for the largest energy stores in the body?

a. CHO
b. PRO
c. FAT
FAT
Measuring energy consumption by heat given off by the body would be assessed by:

a. direct calorimetry
b. bomb calorimetry
c. expired gas analyzer
d. treadmill
direct calorimetry
The common entry point into oxidative metabolism for triglycerides, carbohydrates and proteins is:

a. glucose
b. lactate
c. NADH
d. Acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA
The hexokinase reaction is stimulated by:

a. increased glucose
b. increased acetyl CoA
c. increased NADH
d. all of the above
increased glucose
The difference between the total oxygen consumed during exercise and the total that would have been consumed had steady-state aerobic metabolism been reached from the start is the:

a. steady-state debt
b. oxygen deficit
c. a-v O2 difference
d. ventilatory threshold
oxygen deficit
What would be the predominant energy system for maximal intensity exercise lasting 2 minutes?

a. phosphagen system
b. oxidative metabolism
c. glycolysis
d. all would be equal
glycolysis
The rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis is:

a. glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase
b. hexokinase
c. phosphofructokinase
d. pyruvate dehydrogenase
phosphofructokinase
Which of the following is the most common means of lactate removal?

a. conversion to glucose in the liver
b. removal through sweat
c. removal through urination
d. oxidation in cardiac or skeletal muscle
oxidation in cardiac or skeletal muscle
Gluconeogenesis is:

a. the use of new glucose in ling-term events
b. the production of new glucose in the skeletal muscles
c. the production of new glucose in the liver from carbohydrate sources
d. the production of new glucose in the liver from noncarbohydrate sources
the production of new glucose in the liver from noncarbohydrate sources
During a 30 second, high-intensity exercise, ATP concentration changes little. This is largely due to:

a. breakdown of PCr to make ATP
b. contribution of aerobic ATP production
c. little change in ATP demand
breakdown of PCr to make ATP
How many ATP can be produced through the elcetron transport chain from 1 FADH2?

a. 1.5
b. 2
c. 2.5
d. 2.7
1.5
Increased creatine kinase activity and high [ATP] would likely cause which of the following in the cell?

a. increased [ATP]
b. increased [phosphocreatine (PCr)]
c. increased [AMP]
d. increased [glycogen]
increased [phosphocreatine (PCr)]
In the ATP-PCr system, the breakdown of 1 molecule of PCr results in the production of how many ATP?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
1
Increased [citrate would have what effect on the pyruvate kinase reaction?

a. increased
b. decreased
c. no change
decreased
Which hormone is not secreted during exercise?

a. cortisol
b. epinephrine
c. insulin
d. growth hormone
insulin
Where does the Krebs cycle occur in the body?

a. in the cytoplasm
b. in the mitochondria
c. in the extracellular fluid
d. all of the above
in the mitochondria
What does a kilocalorie measure?

a. the amount of fat in food
b. the density of food
c. the heat released by food (when combusted)
d. the likelihood that food will combust
the heat released by food (when combusted)
High amounts of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and AMP would have what effect on the phosphofructokinase reaction?

a. increased
b. decreased
c. no change
increased
Increased amounts of NADH will have what effect on the succinate dehydrogenase reaction?

a. increased
b. decreased
c. no change
decreased
Jogging 15-30 minutes a day for the first 2-6 months of an endurance training program, than increasing to longer runs of 45-60, is and example of which training principal?

a. specificity
b. adaption
c. progression
d. overload
progression
Lift the first set at 50% of maximum, lift the second set at 75% of maximum, lift the third set at 100% of maximum. This is an example of which training principle?

a. specificity
b. adaption
c. progression
d. overload
overload
The ____________ ____________ are points on the linear-curvilinear continuum of lactate accumulation that appear to indicate sharp rises
lactate threshold
1 gram of fat has approximately _____ kcals
9
1 gram of carbohydrate has approximately _____ kcals
4
How many net ATP from glycolysis with glycogen?
3
How many ATP from 1 acetyl CoA going through Krebs and ETC?
10
How many Acetyl CoA from a 16 carbon fatty acid?
8
How many NADH from beta oxidation of a 16 carbon fatty acid
7
How many ATP from complete combustion of glucose?
32
The speed at which an individual can run when working at his or her maximal oxygen consumption is called: __________ _________
VO2 max
add labels to the diagram of glycolysis using the word bank given.
know that to break down glucose into acetyl CoA:

hexokinase uses 1 ATP --> 1 ADP

phosphofructokinase uses 1 ATP --> ADP

Krebs cycle makes 3 NAD+ --> 3 NADH

and pyruvate kinase makes pyruvate at the end

if acetyl CoA doesnt go into the Krebs cycle it will make lactate
What is the Hill-Meyerhof theory of oxygen debt (what did Hill and Meyerhof believe caused EPOC)? Does this differ from the current understanding of EPOC? If so how?
(5/5)
Hill-Meyerhof theory says lactate appears and glycogen disappears during contraction and during relaxation lactate disappears and glycogen appears. The current understanding is different because we now know that increased heartrate, respiratory rate, metabolic rate, temperature, etc., are also involved in EPOC, not just lactate and glycogen.
State the first and second laws of thermodynamics. During the growth of a human being we add cells, organs, and create complex systems from a single cell. Does this growth obey these laws, why or why not?
(4/4)

1st: energy cannot be created of destroyed, only transferred
2nd: universe always flows towards increased entropy

1st: yes, as humans grow energy is being transferred between cells and systems
2nd: yes, as we become more complex entropy is increased as we lose heat during work
What is the lactate shuttle? What is the benefit of this transport beyond having glucose already available in the blood?
(4/4)
lactate is taken to liver and oxidizing cells/tissues to be converted back to pyruvate --> glucose or be used as energy.
Can be used to produce energy when lactate begins to build up because Krebs cycle or ETC are nor able to be used leading to excess pyruvate --> lactate
What is the difference between the first reaction in glycolysis in skeletal muscle (hexokinase reaction) compared to the same reaction in the liver (glucokinase)? How does the difference alter the floe of potential energy (as glucose) in the body?
(4/5)
The hexokinase reaction in skeletal muscle leads to G-6-P/glucose being stored in skeletal muscle to be used during exercise because it has a high affinity for glucose. The hexokinase reaction in the liver allows glucose to be released if needed by other organs/processes. The liver hexokinase reaction is reversible, has a lower affinity for glucose (can release), the muscle hexokinase is not reversible (keeps it).
During a high intensity exercise bout the electron transport chain reaches a point where electrons cannot get shuttled any faster, what would be the expected effect on [NADH]? How would this change in [NADH] affect the Krebs cycle? How would this change affect [lactate]? How would this change affect the substrate (macronutrient) being used to generate ATP?
(5/5)
IF ETC reaches max there will be an increase in [NADH], which will halt or greatly reduce Krebs cycle. This inhibition of the Krebs cycle will lead to excess pyruvate being converted to lactate increasing [lactate]. The body will begin to use CHO as its primary substrate during high intentsity exercise.
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