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BIOL 255 Final Exam Question

Terms in this set (187)

If a hormone is to cause an effect on a target cell, the target cell must have

A. Group of answers choices the specific receptor for that hormone.
B. gap junctions that specifically allow the hormone into that cell.
C. secrete the proper hormone-binding protein.
D. the nucleolus in the cytoplasm.
...
Oxytocin

A. is released by the neurohypophysis.
B. exerts its most important effects during menstruation.
C. controls milk production.
D. is an adenohypophyseal secretion.
...
Gonadocorticoids

A. produced by the adrenal glands are insignificant compared with sex hormones release from the gonads during late puberty.
B. synthesized by the adrenal medulla are primarily androgens.
C. can cause androgenital syndrome, also called feminization, if over secreted.
D. mimic the sympathetic nervous system response.
A. produced by the adrenal glands are insignificant compared with sex hormones release from the gonads during late puberty.
Which is composed of two layers of visceral peritoneum and attaches the small intestine to the posterior of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A. falciform ligament
B. lesser omentum
C. greater omentum
D. transverse mesocolon
E. mesentary
E. mesentary
The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to

A. return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low.
B. distribute hormones to appropriate target cells in the periphery.
C. carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract.
D. send absorbed nutrients to the liver for metabolic processing or storage.
...
From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.

A. submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa
B. muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa
C. serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa
D. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
...
Tooth structure includes

A. the dentin, which is the hardest substance in the body.
B. a root covered with enamel.
C. pulp, an avascular connective tissue filling the hollow cavity of the tooth.
D. A thin periodontal ligament holding the tooth in place.
...
The primary function of the pyloric sphincter is to

A. prevent reflux of food and acid from the stomach.
B. prevent too rapid gastric emptying.
C. slow small intestine contents moving to the colon.
D. prevent defecation.
B. prevent too rapid gastric emptying.
The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following is found on the apical surface of mucosal cells, helping them to accomplish this task?

A. microvilli
B. villi
C. plicae circulares
D. goblet cells
A. microvilli
What gives the green color of the gall bladder of preserved cadavers?

A. cholesterol
B. bile pigments
C. bile salts
D. enzymes
C. bile salts
Which is an endocrine product of the pancreas?

A. insulin, a hormone
B. trypsin, a digestive enzyme
C. amylase, a digestive enzyme
D. bicarbonate, neutralizes acid
A. insulin, a hormone
Which is the correct order of small intestine segments as encountered by chyme?

A. duodenum, jejunum, ileum
B. duodenum, ileum, jejunum
C. ileum, jejunum, duodenum
D. jejunum, ileum, duodenum
A. duodenum, jejunum, ileum
The tenia coli of the large intestine are

A. circular smooth muscle fibers,
B. longitudinal smooth muscle fibers.
C. oblique smooth muscle fibers.
D. tapeworms.
B. longitudinal smooth muscle fibers.
The general name for the outer portion of the kidney is the

A. muscularis.
B. medulla.
C. cortex.
D. pyramids.
C. cortex.
Select the correct statement about nephrons.

A. Filtration slits are pores in the vasa recta.
B. Podocytes are the branched epithelial cells lining the tubules of the nephron.
C. The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium.
D. The glomerulus is correctly described as the distal end of the proximal convoluted tubule.
...
Which sex has the longest urethra?

A. males
B. females
C. The urethra is the same length in males and females.
A. males
Which layer of the urinary bladder consists of transitional epithelium?

A. serosa
B. detrusor muscle layer
C. submucosa
D. mucosa
D. mucosa
The gonads of a male are

A. testes.
B. ovaries.
C. kidneys.
D. adrenals.
A. testes.
Which of the following glands produce the greatest proportion of semen?

A. the pituitary
B. the bulbourethral glands
C. the prostate
D. the seminal vesicles
D. the seminal vesicles
The human egg and sperm are similar in that

A. they are about the same size.
B. they have the same degree of motility.
C. about the same number of each is produced per month.
B. they have the same number of chromosomes.
B. they have the same number of chromosomes.
The testicular cells providing the blood-testis barrier are the

A. spermatogonia.
B. spermatocytes.
C. sustentacular cells.
D. interstitial cells.
B. spermatocytes.
The female structure where the fertilized egg is normally implanted is the

A. clitoris.
B. ovary.
C. vagina.
D. uterus.
D. uterus.
The milk producing cells of the mammary glands are in the

A. nipples.
B. lactiferous sinuses.
C. alveoli.
D. areolas.
C. alveoli.
A female infant is born with several hundred oocytes, each one genetically unique. This is due to

A. independent assortment and random crossover.
B. recessive inheritance.
C. mutation.
D. chromosome deletion.
...
The corpus albicans is

A. part of the uterine tube.
B. scar tissue remaining after ovulation when a pregnancy does not occur.
C. the ruptured follicle following the ejection of an oocyte from the ovary.
D. the ovarian ligament that anchors the ovary medially to the uterus.
B. scar tissue remaining after ovulation when a pregnancy does not occur
Which would be haploid?

A. human eggs
B. adipose tissue cells
C. neurons
D. cardiac muscle cells
A. human eggs
A single layer of tall and narrow cells lining your intestines comprises
A. simple squamous epithelium.
B. stratified squamous epithelium.
C. transitional epithelium.
D. simple columnar epithelium.
E. pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
D. simple columnar epithelium.
Which is composed of striated branched uninucleate cells under involuntary control?

A. cardiac muscle
B. smooth muscle
C. skeletal muscle
A. cardiac muscle
The ectodermal cells migrate to form a raised groove known as the:

A. amnion formation.
B. germ cell formation.
C. primitive streak.
D. blastocyst.
C. primitive streak.
Which is composed of stratified squamous epithelium?

A. epidermis
B. dermis
C. hypodermis
A. epidermis
Which is NOT a function of bone?

A.support
B. calcium storage
C. blood cell production
D. storage of vitamins
D. storage of vitamins
A meatus is a

A. smooth, nearly flat articular surface.
B. small rounded projection.
C. large blunt irregular surface.
D. canal-like passage.
E. shallow, basin-like depression.
D. canal-like passage.
A ramus is a(n)

A. armlike bar of bone.
B. rounded projection on a neck.
C. narrow ridge of bone.
D. narrow slitlike opening for passage of blood vessels.
E. shallow, basin-like depression.
...
Which is NOT true about changes in joints occuring as we age?

A. Ligaments and tendons shorten and weaken.
B. Intervertebral discs become more likely to herniate.
C. Osteoarthritis is more likely to develop after age 70.
E. Prudent exercise causes development of joint problems.
...
Which of the following wraps an entire muscle?

A. perimysium
B. fascicle
C. endomysium
D. epimysium
D. epimysium
A motor neuron and the myofibers it innervates is known as a(n)

A. motor unit.
B. sarcomere.
C. aponeurosis.
B. fascicle.
A. motor unit.
The sympathetic and parasympathetic are subdivisions of the:

A. voluntary nervous system.
B. autonomic nervous system.
C. central nervous system.
D. somatic nervous system.
...
The neuroglia forming the myelin sheath around neuron fibers in the central nervous system are

A. ependyma.
B. oligodendrocytes.
C. astrocytes.
D. microglia.
E. Schwann cells
...
The wave of electrical charge flowing through a neuron transmitting an impulse is called a(n)

A. action potential.
B. neurocharger.
C. neurotransmitter.
D. active transport.
A. action potential.
The lateral grey horn of the spinal cord

A. sends sensations of touch, pressure, and body movement to the brain.
B. sends sensations of pain and temperature to the brain, as well as sensations necessary to coordinate movement.
C. contains cell bodies of all sensory neurons.
D. contains motor neuron cell bodies stimulating smooth and cardiac muscle, as well as glands.
E. contains motor neuron cell bodies stimulating skeletal muscle.
...
The part of the brain that sorts and conducts sensory input coming from the spinal cord and cranial nerves is the

A. thalamus.
B. pons.
C. cerebellum.
D. cerebral cortex.
A. thalamus.
Where would you not find an autonomic ganglion?

A. in the cervical region
B. in the armpit
C. close to the visceral effectors they serve
D. in the head
B. in the armpit
Your thalamus does NOT process information about

A. vision.
B. hearing.
C. smell.
D. taste.
C. smell
The lacrimal caruncle produces

A. a whitish oily secretion also known as the Sandman's eye sand.
B. tears containing mucus, antibodies, and lysozyme.
C. humors of the eye cavities.
D. sebum that prevents eyelids from adhering to one another.
A. a whitish oily secretion also known as the Sandman's eye sand.
The blood vessel type bringing blood from the heart to the lungs is the

A. systemic artery.
B. systemic vein.
C. pulmonary artery.
D. pulmonary vein.
C. pulmonary artery.
Platelets

A. have a life span of about 120 days.
B. are the precursors of leukocytes.
C. have multiple nuclei.
D. stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break.
D. stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break.
Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle

A. has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium.
B. has more nuclei per cell.
C. lacks striations.
D. cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells.
A. has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium.
Which would be considered part of the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?

A. trachea
B. alveoli
C. primary bronchi
D. secondary bronchi
B. alveoli
The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on

A. nothing - all hormones of the human body are able to stimulate any and all cell types because hormones are powerful and nonspecific.
B. the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path.
C. the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ.
D. the presence of the appropriate receptors on or in the target tissue or organ cells.
D. the presence of the appropriate receptors on or in the target tissue or organ cells.
Insulin, a small (51-amino-acid) protein, is synthesized by the beta cells of the pancreas. This hormone is released

A. in excessive amounts in obese people.
B. when the body's glucose level drops.
C. in response to severe physical stress (i.e., a ten-mile run).
D. when the body's glucose levels rise.
D. when the body's glucose levels rise.
Which part of the adrenal gland makes gonadocorticoids (mostly androgens)?

A. zona glomerulosa.
B. zona fasciculata
C. zona reticularis
D. adrenal medulla
...
The sheets of peritoneal membrane holding the digestive tract in place are called

A. mucosal lining.
B. lamina propria.
C. mesenteries.
D. serosal lining.
C. mesenteries.
The hepatic portal vein brings blood from the ____ to the ____.

A. digestive viscera, liver
B. liver, vena cava
C. vena cava, liver
D. aorta, liver
A. digestive viscera, liver
The function of the goblet cells of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa is to

A. absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use.
B. secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral.
C. produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion.
D. provide protection against invading bacteria and other disease-causing organisms that enter the digestive tract in food.
C. produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion.
The calcified connective tissue that comprises the MAJORITY of a tooth is called

A. dentin.
B. the pulp cavity.
C. enamel.
D. cementum.
...
The primary function of the ileocecal sphincter is to

A. prevent reflux of food and acid from the stomach.
B. prevent too rapid gastric emptying.
C. slow small intestine contents moving to the colon.
D. prevent defecation.
C. slow small intestine contents moving to the colon.
The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?

A. the rugae
B. Brunner's glands
C. plicae circulares and intestinal villi
D. the vast array of digestive enzymes
C. plicae circulares and intestinal villi
The ________ contains lobules with sinusoids (lined with macrophages) that lead to a central venous structure.

A. stomach
B. liver
C. spleen
D. pancreas
...
Which is an exocrine product of the pancreas?

A. insulin
B. glucagon
C. secretin
D. lipase enzyme
D. lipase enzyme
The hepatopancreatic ampulla drains biles and pancreatic juice into the
A. duodenum.
B. jejunum.
C. ileum.
D. rectum.
A. duodenum.
Which of these are pocketlike sacs along the large intestine?

A. tenia coli
B. haustra
C. epiploic appendages
D. MALT
...
Urine formation consists of three main mechanisms. Which is NOT one of those mechanisms?

A. filtration
B. secretion
C. reabsorption
D. cell migration
D. cell migration
The area of the urinary bladder outlined by the openings for the ureters and urethra is important clinically because infections tend to persist here. This area is know as the

A. trigone.
B. detrusor.
C. levetor ani.
D. urethral orifice.
A. trigone.
Which of the following glands surrounds the urethra and produces citrate and enzymes that help to activate sperm?

A. the pituitary
B. the bulbourethral glands
C. the prostate
D. the seminal vesicles
C. the prostate
Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is not true?

A. The spermatogonium forms the primary spermatocyte.
B. Each spermatid forms two sperm.
C. The secondary spermatocytes each form two spermatids.
D. The primary spermatocyte forms two secondary spermatocytes.
...
Which cells surround developing sperm to provide a testes-blood barrier, which prevents the immune system from attacking sperm?

A. prostate gland cells
B. sustentacular cells
C. corpora cavernosa cells
D. bulbourethral cells
...
The ovaries

A. make estrogen only until ovulation.
B. are surrounded by the tunica albuginea.
C. consist of endometrium from which the gametes arise.
D. release ova directly to the uterine tube.
...
Which blood vessels spasm and degenerate each month causing menstruation to occur?

A. uterine arteries
B. arcuate arteries
C. spiral arteries
D. straight arteries
...
Meiosis in the female results in the production of

A. one ovum and 2-3 polar bodies.
B. one polar body and 2-3 ova.
C. granulosa cells and their enclosed ovum.
D. a corpus luteum with one ovum and 2-3 polar bodies within.
A. one ovum and 2-3 polar bodies.
Cell junctions providing a channel allowing chemical substances to pass between cells are

A. gap junctions.
B. tight junctions.
C. desmosomes.
D. peroxisomes.
A. gap junctions.
Which would be diploid?

A. human eggs
B. sperm
C. neurons
...
Which tissue provides protection and support to your entire body? It is also the site of blood cell formation.

A. reticular connective tissue
B. fibrocartilage
C. hyaline cartilage
D. adipose loose connective tissue
E. bone
E. bone
A tissue lining your stomach would be a ____ tissue.

A. epithelial
B. connective
C. muscle
D. nervous
...
Derivatives of the mesoderm include

A. blood and lymph vessels.
B. epithelium of the digestive tract.
C. tooth enamel.
D. glandular derivatives of the digestive tract.
A. blood and lymph vessels.
Which is deep and comprised of dense connective tissue?

A. papillary region of the epidermis
B. papillary region of the dermis
C. reticular region of the dermis
D. reticular region of the epidermis
C. reticular region of the dermis
Which has spaces filled with red bone marrow?

A. hyaline cartilage
B. spongy bone
C. irregular bone
D. compact bone
B. spongy bone
A head on a bone is a(n)

A. armlike bar of bone.
B. rounded projection on a neck.
C. narrow ridge of bone.
D. narrow slitlike opening for passage of blood vessels.
E. shallow, basin-like depression.
B. rounded projection on a neck.
A freely moveable joint characterized by the presence of an articular capsule is a

A. suture.
B. gomphosis.
C. synovial joint.
C. synovial joint.
Which of the following surrounds a bundle of myofibers?

A. perimysium
B. fascicle
C. endomysium
D. epimysium
A. perimysium
Each muscle fiber is stimulated by a nerve ending known as a(n)

A. sarcomere.
B. motor end plate.
C. endomysium.
D. sarcoplasmic reticulum.
B. motor end plate.
The term central nervous system refers to the

A. brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
B. spinal cord and spinal nerves.
C. brain and spinal cord.
D. autonomic nervous system.
C. brain and spinal cord.
The cells that myelinate neurons of the central nervous system are

A. astrocytes.
B. ependymal cells.
C. oligodendrocytes.
D. Schwann cells.
C. oligodendrocytes.
An action potential is

A. when a dendrite releases neurotransmitter.
B. when an axon binds neurotransmitter.
C. when a neuron sends an impulse from dendrite to axon.
D. when a neuron sheds its myelin sheath, emitting potential energy.
C. when a neuron sends an impulse from dendrite to axon.
The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the

A. central sulcus.
B. lateral sulcus.
C. longitudinal fissure.
D. cranial fossa.
B. lateral sulcus.
The motor-speech area of the brain that integrates thoughts into speech is called

A. the gnostic area.
B. Broca's area.
C. premotor area.
D. lateral association area.
B. Broca's area.
Autonomic ganglia contain

A. an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic neurons.
B. the cell bodies of postganglionic neurons.
C. both somatic afferent and efferent neurons.
D. synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors.
...
Your sense of smell is normally stimulated by

A. movement of a cupula.
B. substances in solution.
C. stretching of the receptor cells.
D. the movement of otoliths.
...
Which protects the eyes and anchors the extrinsic muscles?

A. humors
B. cornea
C. sclera
D. choroid
E. retina
C. sclera
The blood vessel type bringing oxygen and nutrients to the tissues is the

A. systemic artery.
B. systemic vein.
C. pulmonary artery
D. pulmonary vein
A. systemic artery.
You obtain a tube of blood from a patient. No anticoagulants are in the tube, so the blood clots. The tube is centrifuged and you remove the liquid from atop the clot and cells. The liquid thus obtained is called

A. lymphatic fluid.
B. plasma.
C. whole blood.
D. serum.
D. serum.
Select the correct statement about the heart valves.

A. Semilunar valves control the flow of blood into the heart.
B. The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that they do not go back up into the atria during ventricular contraction.
C. The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle.
D. The mitral valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
B. The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that they do not go back up into the atria during ventricular contraction.
Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?

A. lumbar trunk
B. cisterna chyli
C. right lymphatic duct
D. thoracic duct
C. right lymphatic duct
Select the CORRECT statement about the pharynx.

A. The adenoids are located in the laryngopharynx.
B. The laryngopharynx blends posteriorly into the nasopharynx.
C. The palatine tonsils are embedded in the lateral walls of the nasopharynx.
D. The auditory tubes open into the nasopharynx.
D. The auditory tubes open into the nasopharynx.
Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the

A. thyroid gland.
B. thymus gland.
C. adrenal medulla.
D. pancreas.
B. thymus gland.
Which pancreatic cells make somatostatin, which inhibits release of both insulin and glucagon?

A. alpha cells
B. beta cells
C. delta cells
D. F-cells
...
Important peritoneal folds do NOT include the

A. mesentery.
B. omenta.
C. peritoneum.
D. round ligament.
D. round ligament.
Which is NOT a blood vessel of the splanchnic (GI) circulation?

A. hepatic artery
B. hepatic portal vein
C. splenic artery
D. superior mesenteric artery
E. saphenous artery
E. saphenous artery
The capillaries nourishing the epithelium and absorbing digested nutrients lie in the
A. serosa.
C. adventitia.
D. muscularis mucosae.
E. lamina propria.
E. lamina propria.
Kupffer cells are

A. hepatic macrophages found in liver sinusoids.
B. hepatocytes that produce bile and detoxify harmful substances.
C. pancreatic islet cells that make somatostatin.
D. pancreatic cells that make digestive enzymes.
A. hepatic macrophages found in liver sinusoids.
The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the

A. ileum.
B. duodenum.
C. jejunum.
D. ilium
A. ileum.
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the large intestine?

A. It is longer than the small intestine.
B. It has haustra.
C. It does not contain villi.
D. It exhibits external muscular bands called tenia coli.
A. It is longer than the small intestine.
The first major branch of the renal artery is

segmental.
arcuate.
interlobular.
glomerular.
segmental.
The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it

is impermeable to most substances.
has a basement membrane.
is drained by an efferent arteriole.
has a blood pressure much lower than other organ systems.
is drained by an efferent arteriole.
Which of the following statements describes the histology of the ureters?

They are made up of several layers of endothelium.
They are trilayered (mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia).
They are actually an extension of the visceral peritoneum.
They are made up entirely of muscle tissue because they need to contract in order to transport urine efficiently.
They are trilayered (mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia).
Which is an involuntary urethral sphinter?

trigone muscularis.
detrusor muscle.
levetor ani muscle.
external urethral sphincter.
internal urethral sphincter.
internal urethral sphincter.
The seminal vesicles

add their secretions to the ductus deferens before it empties into the urethra.
encircle the upper part of the urethra.
attach at the base of the penis.
produce about 95% of the volume of semen.
...
Which part of a sperm provides enzymes that allow it to penetrate the layers of cells surrounding a ovum, thus allowing fertilization to occur?

midpiece
tail
head
acrosome
acrosome
The female structure homologous to the penis is the

clitoris.
ovary.
vagina.
uterus.
clitoris.
Which layer of the uterus is composed of smooth muscle responsible for the contractions of labor and delivery?

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium, stratum basalis
endometrium, stratum functionalis
myometrium
Select the correct statement about mammary glands.

In lactating females, glandular alveoli produce milk.
Compound alveolar glands attach the breasts to underlying muscle fascia.
Mammary glands are modified sebaceous glands.
The pigmented area around the nipple is called the perineum.
In lactating females, glandular alveoli produce milk.
Which bursts during ovulation, releasing the ovum?

primary oocyte
secondary oocyte
vesicular follicle
corpus luteum
vesicular follicle
Which of these is a cellular inclusion but not an organelle?

melanin
microtubule
lysosome
cilia
melanin
Chromosomes align at the cell equator during

anaphase.
interphase.
metaphase.
prophase.
telophase.
metaphase.
A tissue causing your stomach to churn and mix the food you have eaten would be a ____ tissue.

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous
muscle
Derivatives of the ectoderm include

serosae of the ventral body cavity.
epithelium of the pineal and pituitary glands.
muscularis of the reproductive tract.
connective tissues.
epithelium of the pineal and pituitary glands.
Which layer of the epidermis has cells flattening as their organelles deteriorate and the cells begin to die? This layer provides waterproofing to your skin.

stratum basale
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum spinosum
stratum corneum
...
A trochanter is a

smooth, nearly flat articular surface.
small rounded projection.
large blunt irregular surface.
canal-like passage.
shallow, basin-like depression.
...
Which is NOT true about changes in joints occuring as we age?

Ligaments and tendons shorten and weaken.
Intervertebral discs become more likely to herniate.
Osteoarthritis is more likely to develop after age 70.
Prudent exercise causes development of joint problems.
Prudent exercise causes development of joint problems.
The term aponeurosis refers to

the tropomyosin-troponin complex.
the bands of myofibrils in a sarcomere.
the rough endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle cell.
an indirect attachment of a tendon to a bone.
an indirect attachment of a tendon to a bone.
Ciliated CNS neuroglia playing an active role in moving cerebrospinal fluid are

astrocytes.
Schwann cells.
oligodendrocytes.
ependymal cells.
ependymal cells.
Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic because

visceral arcs do not use integration centers.
visceral arcs are always polysynaptic.
visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons.
somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess.
...
Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by

movement of a cupula.
substances in solution.
stretching of the receptor cells.
the movement of otoliths.
...
Which blood cells increase in number, with immature forms appearing the circulating blood, to do phagocytosis to eliminate bacterial infections?

Neutrophils
T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Monocytes
Neutrophils
Functions of the lymphatic system include

transport of red blood cells to the blood vascular system.
maintenance of blood pressure in the venous circulation.
excretion of excess dietary fat.
transport of excess tissue fluid to the blood vascular system.
transport of excess tissue fluid to the blood vascular system.
Hormones are transported to their targets via the

blood.
lymphatic system.
axonal microtubules.
ureters.
blood.
Parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland make a hormone that increases bone mineralization. This hormone is called

thyroxin.
parathyroid hormone.
calcitonin.
triiodothyronine.
calcitonin.
Which mesentary drapes from the stomach and transverse colon to cover abdominal organs? (It is also called the "fatty apron.")

falciform ligament
lesser omentum
greater omentum
transverse mesocolon
greater omentum
The layer of the digestive tube containing blood vessels, lymphatic nodes, and a rich supply of elastic fibers is the

serosa.
mucosa.
muscularis externa.
submucosa.
submucosa.
The dental formula for an adult is 2-1-2-3. What does the 1 stand for?

canine tooth
premolar tooth
molar tooth
incisor tooth
canine tooth
The primary function of the gastroesophageal (AKA lower esophageal or cardiac) sphincter is to

prevent reflux of food and acid from the stomach.
prevent rapid gastric emptying.
keep small intestine contents from refluxing to the stomach.
prevent defecation.
prevent reflux of food and acid from the stomach.
The structures of small intestine cells providing microscopic finger-like projections into the lumen of the small intestine to provide increased for food molecule absorption are called

cilia.
flagella.
microvilli.
goblets.
microvilli.
The functions of the gallbladder include

production of bile.
storage and concentration of bile.
formation of urea.
secretion of cholecystokinin
storage and concentration of bile.
Which is the correct order of colonic segments as encountered by chyme?

ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon
decending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, asscending colon, sigmoid colon
transverse colon, splenic flexure, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon
ascending colon, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, hepatic flexure, sigmoid colon
ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon
Which of these are the longitudinal muscle of the large intestine muscularis ?

tenia coli
haustra
epiploic appendages
MALT
tenia coli
Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body.

major calyx, minor calyx, nephron, urethra, urinary bladder, ureter, collecting duct
nephron, major calyx, minor calyx, urethra, urinary bladder, ureter, collecting duct
nephron, collecting duct, urethra, urinary bladder, major calyx, minor calyx, ureter
nephron, collecting duct, minor calyx, major calyx, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
nephron, collecting duct, minor calyx, major calyx, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is

the nephron.
the basement membrane of the capillaries.
the loop of Henle.
glomerular capsule.
the nephron.
The lower ureter sphincters prevent backflow of urine from the urinary bladder when it is full.

True
False
False
Which layer of the urinary bladder consists of transitional epithelium?

serosa
detrusor muscle layer
submucosa
mucosa
mucosa
The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. Which of the following is true about the role they play?

They contract to allow ejaculation.
They regulate the testes' temperature.
They contract to push sperm along the ductus deferens.
They are responsible for penile erection.
They regulate the testes' temperature.
Which of the following does not make products that become part of semen?

seminiferous tubules.
bulbourethral glands
penis
seminal vesicles
prostate gland
penis
The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is

the mature ovum is n, while the sperm is 2n.
spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis, but oogenesis involves meiosis only.
in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell.
during spermatogenesis two more polar bodies are produced.
in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell.
The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called

sustentacular cells.
spermatocytes.
interstitial cells.
spermatogonia.
interstitial cells.
The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing the usual site for fertilization, are called

the corpus luteum.
the Graafian follicles.
the uterine tubes.
the myometrium.
the uterine tubes.
Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females?

All lumps identified in breast tissue are malignant.
The only time hormones target breast tissue is during pregnancy and lactation.
The mammary glands are modified sweat glands.
Both sexes are equally prone to breast cancer.
The mammary glands are modified sweat glands.
In a ovulating female, meiosis stalls during ___ until fertilization occurs.

prophase I
metaphase II
prophase II
telophase II
metaphase II
The corpus luteum is

part of the uterine tube.
the mesovarium.
the ruptured follicle following the ejection of an oocyte from the ovary.
the ovarian ligament that anchors the ovary medially to the uterus.
the ruptured follicle following the ejection of an oocyte from the ovary.
The cell makes DNA during the ___ stage of the cell cycle.

G1
G2
M
S
S
Many layers of cells, with thin flat cells at the apical surface, comprise

simple squamous epithelium.
stratified squamous epithelium.
transitional epithelium.
simple columnar epithelium.
pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
...
Muscle tissue is formed by the

epiderm.
ectoderm.
endoderm.
mesoderm.
mesoderm.
Which is deep and comprised of dense connective tissue?

papillary region of the epidermis
papillary region of the dermis
reticular region of the dermis
reticular region of the epidermis
reticular region of the dermis
Which is NOT a function of bone?

support
mineral storage
movement
ATP storage
energy storage
ATP storage
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

osteoclast
osteocyte
stem cell
chondrocyte
osteoclast
A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint.

syndesmosis
gomphosis
suture
synchondrosis
gomphosis
Schwann cells are functionally similar to

astrocytes.
ependymal cells.
oligodendrocytes.
microglia.
oligodendrocytes.
The posterior grey horn of the spinal cord

collects visceral efferent fibers.
coordinates movement.
contains sensory neurons.
contains motor neurons.
contain cerebrospinnal fluid.
...
An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the

calcarine cortex.
visual association area.
primary visual area.
lateral geniculate body.
visual association area.
Which taste bud cell type detects tastes?

supporting cells
basal cells
gustatory cells
bipolar cells
gustatory cells
Which has mucus-making goblet cells and ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells for sweeping mucus-entrapped particles away?

alveoli
trachea
oropharynx
esophagus
trachea
When the lymphatics are blocked due to tumors, the result is

shrinkage of tissues distal to the blockage due to inadequate delivery of lymph.
increased pressure in the lymphatics proximal to the blockage.
abnormally high lymph drainage from the distal region.
severe localized edema distal to the blockage.
...
Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle

has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium.
has more nuclei per cell.
lacks striations.
cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells.
...
Which organ does not make hormone(s)?

kidney
heart
skin
bone
bone
Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) are made thyroid gland

iodine crystals.
parafollicular cells.
follicular cells.
thymocytes.
...
Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth.

There are 27 primary teeth, and the molars are permanent.
There are 32 primary teeth, and most children lose these teeth due to decay because they are never very strong.
There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age most children have all 20.
There are 24 primary teeth, and no new primary teeth appear after 13 months.
...
The primary function of the anal sphincters is to

prevent reflux of food and acid from the stomach.
prevent rapid gastric emptying.
slow small intestine contents moving to the colon.
prevent defecation until convenient.
prevent defecation until convenient.
Which is NOT part of the route pancreatic amylase take to the duodenum?

hepatopancreatic ampulla
cystic duct
main pancreatic duct
accessory pancreatic duct
cystic duct
Which is the correct order of small intestine segments as encountered by chyme?

duodenum, jejunum, ileum
duodenum, ileum, jejunum
ileum, jejunum, duodenum
jejunum, ileum, duodenum
...
The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because

it stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position.
it is necessary as a barrier between the adrenal glands and kidneys.
it produces vitamin D.
it ensures adequate energy for the adrenal glands to operate efficiently.
...
In the kidney, blood is filtered in the

renal corpuscle.
distal convoluted tubule.
collecting duct.
juxtaglomerular apparatus.
...
Cell junctions anchoring cells together to increase the strength of a tissue are called

gap junctions.
tight junctions.
desmosomes.
peroxisomes.
desmosomes.
Chromosomes condense during

anaphase.
interphase.
metaphase.
prophase.
telophase.
prophase
Which type of cells protect and support other cells in your brain?

neuroglia
neurons
parenchyma
stroma
neuroglia
Which comprises the smallest proportion of your bones?

cartilage
bone cells
hydroxyapatites
hydroxyapatites
The functional unit of a skeletal muscle is

a sarcomere.
a myofibril.
the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
a myofilament.
a sarcomere.
The sympathetic and parasympathetic are subdivisions of the:

voluntary nervous system.
autonomic nervous system.
central nervous system.
somatic nervous system.
autonomic nervous system.
Select the correct statement about synapses.

The release of neurotransmitter molecules makes neurons electrically coupled.
Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons of neurons.
The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another.
Neurons with interconnected cytoplasm are chemically coupled.
The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another.
The hypothalamus

is the thermostat of the body because it regulates temperature.
is an important auditory and visual relay and sorting center.
mediates sensations of pain.
includes the anterior pituitary as part of its structure.
is the thermostat of the body because it regulates temperature.
Odor signals are processed and sent to the olfactory cortex by

bipolar cells.
basal cells.
olfactory receptor cells.
glomerular cells.
olfactory receptor cells.
Peyer's patches are found in the

spleen.
tonsils.
stomach.
small intestine.
small intestine.
Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the

general circulatory system.
hepatic portal system.
hypophyseal portal system.
feedback loop.
hypophyseal portal system.
If, after opening the peritoneal cavity, an incision was made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut would be

mucosa.
submucosa.
serosa.
muscularis externa.
serosa.
Hepatocytes do NOT

produce digestive enzymes.
process nutrients.
detoxify.
store fat-soluble vitamins.
process nutrients.
The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the

ileum.
duodenum.
jejunum.
ilium
ileum
Which type of nephron has a short loop of Henle and produces dilute urine?

cortical
medullary
juxtamedullary
pelvical
medullary
The function of the cremaster muscle is to

elevate the testis during exposure to cold.
generate peristatltic waves in the ductus deferens.
control secretion release from the seminal vesicles.
prevent urine from entering the urethra during ejaculation.
wrinkle scrotal skin in cold temperatures.
elevate the testis during exposure to cold.
Derivatives of the endoderm include

synovial membranes of the joints.
organs of the urogenital system.
epithelium of the respiratory tract.
blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissue.
epithelium of the respiratory tract.
On the basis of structural classification, which joint is composed of fibrous connective tissue?

pivot
syndesmosis
symphysis
synchondrosis
syndesmosis
Which blood cells make antibodies?

Neutrophils
T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Monocytes
B-lymphocytes
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