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C787 OA

Terms in this set (157)

When nutrition advocates become concerned that recommendations did not do enough to address prevention of chronic illnesses related diet, what policy changes were made?
RDA's expanded into several DRI categories
What is true about Daily Reference Intakes (DRIs)?
Food labeling must include info about them.
They differ depending on age and gender.
What is always found on a nutrition label in the US?
Serving size
A healthful diet contains nutrient intake near what amount?
Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)
Use when preparing family/ personal meals
What is an appropriate use of AMDR when evaluating the appropriateness of a snack food?
(AMDR: Acceptable macronutrient dietary range)
50% of calories from fat is too much fat
What is meant by Tolerable Upper Intake Level?
(TUI) The highest level of daily consumption that current data has shown to cause no side effects in humans, ensures people do not take harmful amounts (supplements)
How is the estimated average requirement commonly used (EAR)?
To guide recommendations and menu planning for communities, in combination with upper intake levels
What is true of the choosemyplate.gov recommendations, as represented by their setting place graphic?
Half of the plate should be fruits and vegetables
What is a nutritional benefit of fruits and vegetables?
They provide nutrients that reduce the risk of some types of cancer
What is false regarding fruits and vegetables in the diet?
Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin B12
What strategy might be avoided due to expense for patients looking to eat more healthfully on a budget?
Buying frozen meals
Which statement is true about planning a balanced meal?
Skim milk has roughly the same amount of calcium and protein as whole milk
What is true about dietary recommendations for whole grain intake?
half of all grain products consumed should be whole grain products
Fritz is hosting a brunch and prepares for each of his friends:
- omelet with cheese
- toasted English muffin
- 1 t all-fruit preserves
- 1/2 large grapefruit
- 1 c whole milk

How can his menu be improved to follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
- use egg whites for omelets
- replace cheese with vegetables in the omelets
- replace english. muffin with whole wheat english muffin
- replace whole milk with fat free milk
What is true of recommendations concerning trans fat and added sugar intake?
Trans fat and added sugar intake should be minimized, there is no DRI value
what is recommended daily amount of protein intake?
60g/ day
Which list contains all examples of proteins?
garbanzo beans, chick peas, egg, chicken breast, yogurt, cheese, ground beef, peanut butter, tofu
What is the best choice for a combination of plant-based foods to maximize healthy protein in a vegetarian diet?
legumes + whole grains
There is a current initiative for more transparent labeling of sugars on nutrition facts labels. in the coming years, which of these might be more obviously labeled sugars?
anything ending in -ose
honey
which carbohydrate will cause a quicker return to hunger?
one with aa high glycemic index
which is a reason why seafood can be considered part of a healthful diet?
some seafood is high I healthy omega 3 oils
what are generally considered sources of health fat?
fish, nuts, olive oil
what is not a common source of high levels of sodium?
spices and herbs
which foods are relatively rich in iron?
- dark leafy greens
- legumes
- red meat
- nuts
what is the best vegetarian source of iron from the options provided?
beans
Which of these are protective against heart disease?
- fiber
- HDL cholesterol
which are linked to increase heart disease?
- LDL cholesterol
- trans fat
- saturated fat
Reducing risk of heart disease/ stroke:
LDL levels
< 120 mg/dL
Reducing risk of heart disease/ stroke:
Limit cholesterol to
< 30 mg/ day
Reducing risk of heart disease/ stroke:
Saturated fat
< 7% calories/ day
Reducing risk of heart disease/ stroke:
daily activity
30+ min
Reducing risk of heart disease/ stroke:
Sodium levels
< 1600mg/ day
Reducing risk of heart disease/ stroke:
Increase intake of
insoluble fiber
Reducing risk of heart disease/ stroke:
limit alcohol to
1-2 drinks/ day
what is an appropriate dietary intervention to address a patient's low albumin level?
high protein diet
select foods that would be inappropriate for a patient with kidney disease
- fried eggs
- hot dog
- steak
what is the dash diet designed to address
hypertension
which factors are important in controlling hypertension?
- sodium below 1600 mg/ day
- daily exercise, such as a half-hour walk
- health weight BMI < 25
Because obesity affects many org systems and hormones, impairing body functions:
it is now considered a disease
what BMI is considered obese, requiring counseling about a weight loss dietary plan?
BMI > 30
what is the BMI calculation for a patient that measures 5' 4'' in height and 175 pounds in weight ?
30
BMI calculation
weight (lbs) / height (in)^2 * 703
what describe a diet least likely to result in obesity?
a diet with a variety of fruits, whole grains, and vegetables
identify which heart disease risk factors are modifiable.
- sedentary lifestyle
- BMI 32
- diet high in trans fats
which statement is true?
obese children and teenagers are at increased risk of coronary heart disease
you are working in a family medicine clinic with a 22-year-old patient. you note a BMI of 17 what counsel would you give the patient?
at this BMI, you are at increased risk of infertility, osteoporosis, and premature. death. let's find a solution
what health risks clearly increase with BMI
- heart disease
- DM
- Premature death
- osteoarthritis
- sleep apnea
what is true regarding genetic influence on body weight?
body weights of parents are oft predictive of body weights of children even when they do not raise them.
to maintain weight in the long term patients should
balance energy expenditure with energy intake, eat jus enough calories for activity level
You can only DRAFT five pieces of advice for weight loss, which do you choose
- reduce process foods
- increase activity
- when you want food, ask yourself if you are actually hungry
- eat 5 small meals to maintain energy throughout the day
- limit sugary drinks`
which person is most likely to lose weight and keep it off?
one who sticks to their diet long term
which is true of weight loss
10 % reduction in total body weight has consistently been shown to improve health and decrease risk
ex) what would a 180 pound person. have to lose to show health benefits?
18 pound to weigh 162 pounds
which is likely not an appropriate sustainable weigh loss goal
to lose 20 pounds in a month and be envied by friends
motivational interviewing
- health behaviors have rewards separate from pounds lost
- don't focus on failure
- don't focus on negative images/ unfairness
- don't sugarcoat or be dismissive
what is true of water intake and weight loss
there is evidence to support that drinking 48 oz of water or more supports weight loss
which foods are likely appropriate for consistent inclusion on weight reduction dietary plan
- baked fish
- broiled skinless chicken breast
- steamed green vegetables
which are thought to be societal factors in the obesity epidemc
- more desk based jobs
- increasing size of food portions at restaurants and home
- increased consumption of processed foods
obesity. messages to adolescents
- constant focus on. food: bad
- focus of praise on athletic achievers: bad
- food as a reward: bad
- consumption of media messages: mostly bad
what is inappropriate advice to a family of a 14 year old with anorexia
serve separate meals to different family members
what is true of physical activity, in conjunction with diet, to support weight loss
patient should strive for 90 minutes of moderate physical activity at least 3 times a week
what is a legal supplement bodybuilders take in an effort to increase muscles mass and increase nitrogen retention
protein powder
what are anthropometrics?
weight management assessment stools including weight, height, ,and waist size
how do you calculate physical activity level (PAL)
total energy expenditure/ basal metabolic rate
you are working in the family medicine clinic and are working with a patient with a BMI of 52 and a sedentary lifestyle. he is wondering about bariatric surgery. which pieces of advice are appropriate
increase your physical activity now, but do it gradually, to reduce strain on your heart and increase your likelihood of keeping with it
- even after surgery you will need to continue to exercise
- after surgery, you may lose weight rapidly
- you will need to take specific vitamin supplements after surgery
What is true of nutrition for infants?
human milk contains immune factors that infant formula does not
why is juice not recommended for infants?
- contributes to dental decay
- lacks fiber and may contribute to diarrhea
- it is highly caloric source of fluid
Which behavior may contribute to risk of dental caries in infancy?
Sharing utensils
what parent behaviors may put a child at risk of having a poor relationship with food?
- never involve children in meal planning
- avoid offering children choices
How does the CDC define overweight in childhood?
BMI for age over the 85th percentile
When teaching kindergartners 5 to 6 years old about use my plate, what would an appropriate educational strategy be?
teach them a rhyme with the concepts
When teaching 8 to 10-year-olds about healthy meal planning, what would an appropriate educational strategy be?
have them write out a description of a healthy menu with different food groups
you are working in a pediatric practice and have an appointment with an obese nine-year-old boy and his parents. What are some pieces of advice you might give this family?
- High levels of family stress can contribute to poor eating habits
-limit portion sizes and avoid frequent restaurant meals
-encourage the child to help choose and prepare meals
-encourage physical active play and not just desk based study
- provide in model choices of healthy plant-based snacks and colored fruits and vegetables at meals
What are some strategies to avoid when teaching high school students about nutrition?
- Focus on how good nutrition will make them pretty
- explain ways to skip a replace meals
A healthy 17-year-old girl is reading a nutrition label and sees that a product contains 13% DV of calcium per serving. How many servings of this product with this girl need to have that day to get the recommended amount of calcium from the product alone?
10 servings
A nurse is evaluating a 16-year-old boy with short stature, ( stunted linear growth), a poor bone development, and developmental cognitive delays. What might be a dietary cause of this boys condition
Malnutrition
what nutrient do young adolescents have an increased need for, relative to adults?
thiamine
What is appropriate guys to get a newly pregnant mother?
alcohol should be avoided during all trimesters of pregnancy
what is a possible effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on the fetus?
permanent developmental disability
What nutrient reduces the risk of neural tube defect's
folate/ folic acid
what are some good dietary sources of folate?
lentils, spinach, oats
how can a pregnant mother minimize the risk of preterm delivery
- abstain from tobacco and drugs prior to conception and theough pregnancy
- discontinue the use of all alcohol
- maintain a healthy weight
- maintain a healthy diet to help prevent gestational diabetes
what is false about breastfeeding?
it is a reliable form of birth control
Why are adults over 70 years of age more vulnerable to in adequacy of one or more dietary nutrients?
different gastrointestinal physiology interferes with absorption
What are some potential benefits of probiotics and prebiotic's for an older adult?
-decrease total cholesterol
- control of irritable bowel syndrome- yogurt/ cultured products
- support immune system functioning
- rebuild bone density
How about you advise the patient about adapting to older adult hood?
To avoid obesity remain active and realize your overall caloric needs may decrease
A patient is considering adding a dietary supplement and wants to know more. What should they do first?
discuss it with their healthcare provider
to which patient, represented by a quote, a meeting with the nurse, should the nurse recommend a dietary supplement
" the doctor said my lab showed that I have iron deficiency anemia "
the phrase not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease...
is required to appear in the label of all supplements
which vitamins can be flushed out in the urine Stream if they are in moderate access?
vitamin b and c (water soluble)
Match the supplement with what it aims to improve:
ergogenic aid
athletic performance
nootropic aid
cognition
probiotic
digestive problems
galactagogue
breast milk production
Supplemental not contain an active ingredient. What else may they contain?
extra ingredients that are unlisted and are similar to fillers in prescription drugs
How should you counsel a patient about providing information about the supplements I take to the healthcare team?
Supplements can interact with medicine and make the medicines affect too strong. This can cause a life-threatening event
thiamine deficiency
beriberi
iodine deficiency
Brain damage, intellectual impairment, goiter
vitamin a deficiency
blindness in young children
Vitamin D deficiency
rickets
Why do you many women take calcium supplements?
To reduce the risk of osteoporosis
vitamin K
should be avoided while on warfarin
What is unavailable and plant foods, and therefore may need to be consumed as a supplement to a vegetarian diet
vitamin B 12
What nutrients are available and plant foods, but may require special consideration and a vegetarian diet.
- iron
- vitamin d
- protein: can be the hardest macronutrient on a vegetarian diet
- calcium: must be in a bioavailable form
A limited ability to acquire nutritionally adequate food and socially acceptable ways is called
Food insecurity
what is true Of food waste and overpopulation
they are contributing factors to global hunger
what are natural causes of famine
pests, drought, flood
What does the economic research service do?
assist in providing research and analysis and food security issues in developing countries
Food deserts are often characterized by their lack of
Availability and accessibility of healthfully foods
What a characteristics of food deserts?
- fast foods more available
- markets in the area do not have fresh produce
what are some public strategies to reduce food deserts?
- implement farmers market
- supporting public policy to reduce cost of fresh foods
Financial limitations to adequate nutrition our main focus of which diagnostic tool?
food security survey module
A situation where a person who consumes any calories, but without adequate nutrients, can be considered
Under nutrient, which also includes the chronically hungry
What is an appropriate use of the child food security survey module
determine if a child is experiencing hunger at home
What does household food security status referred to
an outcome easure to examine the publics ability to secure adequate food
What is a term that means all people have access at all times to sufficient food for an active and healthy life
food security
what is true of the food security survey module
It measures efficiency of food and very low food security requires intervention
low Food security is characterized by
reduce quality, variety, or desirability of diet
What was one of fact of the national nutrition monitoring and related research act of 1990
development of standardize questionnaires for measuring household food security status
The uneasy or painful sensation caused by lack of food is
hunger
Which factor might be a cause of patients frequent emergency room visits for congestive heart
Patient often goes without medication because they cannot afford them until they get paid
What problems are factors can be associated with food insecurity
- poor nutrition
trouble obtaining food
obesity
lower cognitive and academic performances
poorest health status
what does the supplemental nutrition assistance program do (SNAP)
Help low income families who have trouble affording food acquire food
Which is the most appropriate referral to have home meals delivered by meals on wheels
Male age 82 limited income be on my 17 mobility issues and cannot drive
Which is the most appropriate referral to the women, infants, and children program
Female age 22 speaks limited English six months pregnant low income difficulty obtaining prenatal care
What is not a primary consideration when addressing nutritional needs for a homeless patient
Is the food fair trade certified
What is a major barrier to nutritional education and a strategy for overcoming that barrier
Illiteracy screening for problems with written materials and providing verbal or picture based instruction
When working with a patient who speaks limited English what should be avoided
using text only to teach
Using only traditional American foods
What program teachers older doubts how to shop plan and prepare nutritious meals as well as conducting hypertension assessments
Elderly and nutrition program
What is one way that program seek to provide socialization to older adults
Providing meals in group settings
senior farmers market nutrition program
Allows older adults to acquire fruits and vegetables
Supplemental nutrition assistance program
Helps low income families acquire food
Special supplementary nutrition program
Recognize his medical and dietary risks to women and children
Which is an important consideration of the meals on wheels program
That the meals are appealing to the patients taste
What is food poisoning
can be caused by either primary infection by microbe or production of toxins by microbe skin
what is true of botulism
it is thought to be the most lethal bioterrorism agent
Which infections are most commonly disseminated by ingestion
cholera
shingeosis
what is food system security
A system to focus on locating the source of a bioterrorism incident and notifying effective facilities
What foods have been common sources of food contamination in recent years?
bean sprouts
spinach
milk
(frozen berries)
Which home cooks have put themselves at increased risk of spreading microbial foodborne illness
Fred who didn't wash the spinach for the salad
Francine who under cooked her chicken
Philip who put a handful of raw sprouts on his thai noodles
Franc who defrosted a steak steak on the counter
flow who stores her cooked and raw vegetables together
campylobacter
under cooked poultry
E. coli
Foods contaminated with fecal matter
mycotoxins
molds
glycol alkaloids
potatoes exposed to light
Ciguatoxin
Fish such as grouper
monosodium glutamate
Flavor enhancer which can cause chest pain, Adema, facial numbness, and headache
enteritis And diarrhea are commonly caused by
e coli and salmonella
Why should pregnant woman eat cheese only if it has been pasteurized
Listeria in unpasteurized cheese increases the risk of spontaneous abortion and congenital infection of the newborn
Foods that require freezing, preservation techniques or immediate use are called
perishable foods
true or false: Pasteurized milk can be stored at room temperature
false although pasteurizing milk increases it Shelflife and reduces the number of micro organisms only ultra pasteurized milk can be stored at room temperature
True or false contaminated drinking water should be boiled for at least five minutes
True it will be not be hot enough out of the tab freezing and salt treating is not reliable
True or false irradiated food becomes radio active
false irradiating food helps to control E. coli and salmonella but does not drastically affect taste and texture and does not make food radioactive. However it's use is not common
True or false dented cans should be discarded
True dented cans maybe compromise and may harbor contamination
True or false chicken should be cooked or frozen with them four days of purchase
False poultry should be cooked or frozen within two days of purchase
What is a term for a chemical agent that gives rise to obesity
obesogen- bisephenol A is an example
what does the USDA organic seal indicate
that a food is 100% organic according to current standards
that food is not genetically engineered and no synthetic fungicides or insect that sides were used
A bottle of pasta sauce said made with organic tomatoes onions and basil what can you infer from this
The sauce contains at least 70% certified organic content
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