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AVS 371 Final

Terms in this set (69)

1. Following the acute ingestion of a large amount of water:
a) A dilute urine would be excreted.
b) The secretion of vasopressin (ADH) would decrease.
c) The secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide would increase.
d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
2. The peripheral chemoreceptors respond to changes in:
a) Decreases in alveolar PO2
b) Decreases in arterial PO2
c) Decreases in arterial PCO2
d) Increases in arterial bicarbonate ion concentration
b) Decreases in arterial PO2
3. The countercurrent multiplier system of kidney:
a) Allows the kidneys to form concentrated urine.
b) Requires that the collecting duct, loop of Henle and vasa recta be in very close proximity to each other.
c) Requires the active transport of Na+ out of the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle.
d) All of the above.
d)All of the above.
4. CO2 is transported from the peripheral tissues to the lungs in which form(s)?
a) Dissolved in plasma
b) As bicarbonate ion in the plasma
c) Bound to hemoglobin
d) All of the above
d)All of the above
5. Acclimatization to high-altitude includes significant increases in:
a) Red blood cell production.
b) Vascularity of peripheral tissues.
c) Ventilation.
d) All of the above.
d)All of the above
6. Blood entering the alveolar capillaries has a PCO2 of 46 mmHg and is separated from the air in the alveoli which has a PCO2 of 40 mmHg. What will be the PCO2 of the blood in capillaries leaving the alveoli and returning to the heart?
a) 46 mmHg
b) 43 mmHg
c) 40 mmHg
d) 48 mmHg
c) 40 mmHg
7. What is the main reason why the glomerular capillary osmotic pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure of Bowman's space?
a) The hydrostatic pressure of the capillaries.
b) The presence of plasma proteins in the capillaries.
c) There is a higher concentration of Na+ and Cl- in the capillaries than in the interstitial fluid.
d) There is a higher concentration of H2O in the capillaries than in the interstitial fluid.
b) The presence of plasma proteins in the capillaries.
8. Erythropoietin is primarily produced by the ____ in response to a decrease in _____.
a) Liver, arterial PCO2
b) Kidneys, the pH of arterial blood
c) Kidneys, arterial PCO2
d) Kidneys, arterial PO2
d)Kidneys, arterial PO2
9. Which of the following molecules is important for maintaining normal lung structure?
a) Hemoglobin
b) Proteoglycans
c) Carbonic anhydrase,
d) Surfactant
D) Surfactant
10. How does the composition of the filtrate change as it travels through the Loop of Henle?
a) In the descending limb, the concentration decreases; in the ascending limb, the volume decreases.
b) In the descending limb, the volume decreases; in the ascending limb, the concentration increases.
c) In the descending limb, the volume decreases; in the ascending limb, the concentration decreases.
d) In the descending limb, the concentration decreases; in the ascending limb, the volume decreases.
c) In the descending limb, the volume decreases; in the ascending limb, the concentration decreases.
11. Which of the following statements does NOT correctly describe renal function? The kidneys:
a) Contribute significantly to long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure by maintaining proper plasma volume.
b) Excrete metabolic waste products.
c) Secrete hormones.
d) Assist in maintaining proper acid-base balance (i.e., pH) of the blood.
e) Produce urine of a fixed composition to maintain homeostasis of extracellular fluid.
e) Produce urine of a fixed composition to maintain homeostasis of extracellular fluid.
12. Which part of the nephron is impermeable to H2O?
a) The glomerulus.
b) The descending limb of the Loop of Henle.
c) The thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle.
d) The proximal convoluted tubule.
c) The thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle.
13. Which of the following statements describes "external respiration"?
a) The exchange of gases between alveolar air and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
b) The exchange of dissolved gases between the blood in the peripheral capillaries and the peripheral tissues.
c) The production of CO2 from the aerobic metabolism of organic molecules in cells.
d) The inhalation of atmospheric air into the lungs.
a) The exchange of gases between alveolar air and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
14. The main determinant that drives solutes from the blood in the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's space is due to which of the following factors?
a) A greater hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman's capsule.
b) A greater hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries.
c) A greater osmotic pressure in the capillaries.
d) By active transport.
b) A greater hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries.
15. Which of the following molecules is able cross the blood-brain barrier?
a) H2CO3
b) CO2
c) H+
d) HCO3-
b) CO2
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