Exam 1

What distinguishes biopsychology from the other subdiciplines of neuroscience?
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What distinguishes biopsychology from the other subdiciplines of neuroscience?
Its focus on the methods of behavioral research
In a test the effect of sleep deprivation on problem-solving skills, research participants are allowed to sleep either 4 or 8 hours on each of three consecutive nights. In his research, the independent variable is _______.
Sleep deprivation
In some studies, subjects are not assigned to conditions; instead subjects are selected because they are already living under these conditions (e.g., alcohol consumers and alcohol nonconsumers). Such studies are __________.
Quasiexperiments
Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the major divisions of biopsychology?
Clinical Psychology
Which of the following is true about the traditional dichotomies?
A. Descartes's philosophy is popularly known as mind-body monism.
B. Nature is to nurture as behaviorism is to ethology.
C. Evidence of a lack of self-awareness resulting from fairly simple brain damage supports the physiological-or-psychological dichotomy.
D. Interactionism represents the proper way to explain human behavior by the nature-or-nurture dichotomy.
E. None of the above
E
Which of the following has NOT been observed during the course of human evolution?
A. Increase in the size of the cerebrum
B. Increase in the size of the cortex
C. Increase in the number of cortical convolutions
D. Increase in the size of the brain
E. Increase in the complexity of the brain stem
E
An organism's traits present in genes are referred to as its __________, while observable traits are referred to as its __________.
Genotype - phenotype
During protein synthesis, each amino acid is carried to the ribosome by __________.
A transfer RNA molecule
One of the major contributions of the Human Genome Project is that __________.
It identified many variations in the human genome related to particular diseases
In the Minnesota study, the heritability estimate for IQ was 70%. This means that IQ is __________.
A. 70% genetic
B. About 30% environmental
C. About 70% genetic
D. Both B and C
E. None of the above
E
When a particular gene encourages a developing individual to select experiences that increase the behavioral effects of the gene, the gene is said to have a __________.Multiplier effectPinel ended his discussion of the genetics of human psychological differences with a description of the study of Turkheimer and colleagues (2003). The important finding of this study was that __________.A. Among the very poor, the heritability estimate of IQ was close to zero B. Among the affluent, the heritability estimate of IQ was close to oneThe somatic nervous system __________.A. Is part of the peripheral nervous system B. Participates in sensory and motor interactions with the external environmentThe sympathetic nervous system __________.Is activated when the body perceives itself to be in danger or in stressWhich of the following hormones is NOT secreted from the adrenal cortex?EpinephrineWhich of the following is involved in protecting the central nervous system?A. Skull B. Meninges C. Cerebrospinal fluid D. Blood-brain barrier All The AboveWhich of the following is true about internal structures and functions of neuron?Golgi complex - Packaging moleculesIn the central nervous system (CNS), axons are myelinated by __________.OligodendrocyesThe tip of your nose is __________.Medial and anteriorWhich part of the brain regulates the pituitary gland?HypothalamusWhich of the following is NOT secreted from the anterior pituitary gland?VasopressinWhich of the following is NOT true about the limbic system?The brain structures in the limbic system are closely located to the occipital lobe.The caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus compose the __________.Basal gangliaD area that connects the left and right hemisphere is __________.Corpus callosumDeterioration of the pathway from the substantia nigra to the striatum is often found in cases of __________.Parkinson's diseaseAt rest, __________.A. A neuron has a membrane potential of about +70 mV B. A neuron is hyperpolarized C. The concentration of potassium ions (K+) is greater outside the neuron than inside the neuron D. The concentration of sodium ions (Na+) is greater inside the neuron than outside the neuron E. None of the above EAccording to the theory of Hodgkin and Huxley, __________.K+ ions continuously leak out of a resting neuronInhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials (IPSPs) are __________.A. Graded responses B. Postsynaptic responses C. Transmitted decrementally D. Hyperpolarizations E. All of the above EThe absolute refractory period that follows an action potential __________.Happens during hyperpolarization of the cell membraneWhich of the following is true about ionotropic receptors?They produce effects that are less diffuse and more rapid.The release of neurotransmitter molecules from buttons is often triggered by __________.An influx of calcium ions (Ca2+)After release, most neurotransmitters are deactivated by __________.ReuptakeWhich inhibitory neurotransmitter is considered to be the most prevalent in the mammalian central nervous system?Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)Which of the following is NOT a monoamine neurotransmitter?GlutamateDrugs that facilitate the activity of the synapses of a particular neurotransmitter are said to be __________.Agonists of the neurotransmitterIn the experimentation described in the question #2, the researchers should make use of __________ to reduce the chance that the participants in one group are more intelligent than those in other group. #2. In a test of the effect of sleep deprivation on problem-solving skills, research participants are allowed to sleep either 4 or 8 hours on each of three consecutive nights.Random AssignmentIn the experimentation described in the question #2, __________ can be a confounding factor. #2. In a test of the effect of sleep deprivation on problem-solving skills, research participants are allowed to sleep either 4 or 8 hours on each of three consecutive nights.stressThe two genes, one on each chromosome of a pair, that control the same trait are called __________.alleleProteins that bind to DNA and increase gene expression are called __________.Activators__________ are the neurotransmitters that regulate the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems (write all neurotransmitters).Acetylcholine, epinephrine and norepinephrine__________ conducts motor and sensory information and controls certain reflexes.spinal cordIn the question #28, __________ is the neurotransmitter related to the pathway and the disease. #28. Deterioration of the pathway from the substantia nigra to the striatum is often found in cases of a certain disease.Dopamine__________ is defined as the level of depolarization necessary to generate an action potential and is usually about -65 mV.Threshold__________ is(are) the channels connecting cytoplasm of two cells, mediating communication between glial cells, between neurons, and between neurons and glial cells.Gap junctions__________, an example of endocannobinoids, is secreted by marijuana use.Anandamide