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POSC 411 Exam 4

Terms in this set (111)

TRUE/FALSE -Both fats and oils are comprised of triglycerides.
TRUE
TRUE/FALSE - Corn Soy diets tend to pellet better than wheat diets.
FALSE-Wheat based does better because of gluten proteins.
During feed mixing, how much supplemental oil is considered a "maximum" with respect to maintaining high pellet quality?
3%
TRUE/FALSE- Some colloidal clay pellet binders can reduce the toxic effects of aflatoxin.
TRUE
What is an appropriate DSM (Roche) Color score for most US egg markets?
7-8
TRUE/FALSE - Mineral supplements can often speed up the pelleting process.
FALSE-Mineral supplements slow down the pelleting process.
All of the following contain Non-Starch Polysaccharides except _________.
Triticale
Triticale
Wheat
Barley
Maize
Rye
Sorghum
Polished rice
Polished Rice
Mycotoxins are produced by ______________
molds and fungi
TRUE/FALSE- Palatability of feeds is a major issue in the poultry industry.
FALSE
TRUE/FALSE- Exogenous enzymes are often added to poultry feeds to enhance the bioavailability of nutrients.
TRUE
TRUE/FALSE- Each 500FTU's/kg releases about 10 g of available phosphorus or 1.00%.
FALSE
TRUE/FALSE- NSP makes up a portion of Crude Fiber
TRUE
Which grain has the highest AMEn:GE ratio?
Corn
Wheat
Rye
Barley
Rice
Rice- does not contain significant quantities of NSP therefore AMEn:GE ratio of 1, HIGHEST OF ALL GRAIN CEREALS
TRUE/FALSE- Lipase is most effective in older chickens.
FALSE-Most effective in younger birds that don't digest fat well.
TRUE/FALSE- Nitrogen free extract and crude fiber are essentially the same thing.
FALSE-NFE represents the soluble (digestible) carbs while crude fiber insoluble carbs.
TRUE/FALSE- Amino acid analysis is an important component of the Proximate Analysis.
FALSE-Amino Acid analysis is not part of proximate analysis.
TRUE/FALSE -Phosphorous is usually assayed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.
FALSE-Phosphorus cannot be accurately determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
TRUE/FALSE - Near Infrared reflectance spectroscopy requires that feed samples be hydrolyzed prior to analysis.
FALSE-NIR analysis merely requires that the test samples be finely and uniformly ground to a fine powder consistency.
About how much % of urinary nitrogen exists as uric acid?
70%
TRUE/FALSE- TME corrects for metabolic fecal and endogenous urinary energy loss not directly of dietary origin.
TRUE
What is an appropriate urease index for a potentially high quality soybean meal?
0.1- index should be between 0.05 and 0.2 pH units.
TRUE/FALSE- Ideally the best soybean meal for chickens would contain very high protein solubility and dispersibility with a very low urease index less than 0.05.
TRUE-Doesn't really matter on the low urease index if you can maintain maximum protein solubility and dispersibility.
TRUE/FALSE- The Veterinary Feed Directive is enforced by the FDA.
TRUE
TRUE/FALSE- Implementation of the VFD begins in January of 2020.
FALSE-Went into effect January 1, 2017.
TRUE/FALSE- No withdrawal period is required for a VFD Category 1 drug.
TRUE
Which of the following drugs would not be considered VFD but remain (OTC)?
Lincomycin
Penicillin
Tetracycline
Bacitracin
Virginiamycin
Bacitracin
TRUE/FALSE - Feed additives such as dl-Methionine are not allowed on organically certified poultry production.
FALSE
TRUE/FALSE - Cereal grain diets are added to poultry feeds primarily to provide protein to the diet.
FALSE-Cereal grains are added primarily to supply metabolizable energy.
TRUE/FALSE - B-Glucans in barley tend to reduce viscosity of the digesta.
FALSE-B-Glucans increase intestinal viscosity.
TRUE/FALSE- Typical MUI's for feed grade fat range from 1-5%.
TRUE
TRUE/FALSE- Trace mineral premixes tend to be added at 0.25% of the diet.
FALSE-0.05% generally.
Which of the following is not an oil seed meal?
Soybean
Cottonseed
Peanut
Alfalfa
Canola
ALFALFA
What is the most reasonable dietary protein concentration for a placement pullet starter diet?
18%
What is the most reasonable dietary energy for a phase II laying hen?
2800 kcal/kg
What is the most reasonable protein/energy ratio for a starting broiler chicken?
23/3200
What is the most reasonable Protein/energy ratio for a starting broiler Turkey
28/2900
TRUE/FALSE- With respect to proximate analysis, crude fat is the same thing as ether extract.
TRUE
Correction for ___________retention is necessary to allow comparisons of ME values for animals at various stages of growth.
nitrogen_
At the minimum, how many bags per ton of the bagged ingredient should be sampled for ingredient analysis?
1
4
10
0
4
The average protein contains ___ % nitrogen.
16%
what improves the digestibility of protein
proteases
Approximately _____ of total phosphorus in the cereal grains is phytic acid .
2/3
One of the allowed synthetic substances that can be used in an "organic" livestock program is ___________.
alcohol based cleaners
There are _________ years transition period for any land used to produce raw or unprocessed "organic" food/feed products.
3
TRUE/FALSE-A category II regulated feed additive requires a withdrawal period at the lowest use level for at least one species for which they are approved.
TRUE
TRUE/FALSE- Condensed tannins are often found in the testa of colored seed graincoats.
TRUE
TRUE/FALSE- Ammoniated corn can be used in poultry feeds.
FALSE-Ammoniated corn CAN NOT be used in poultry feeds.
Most toxic proteins can be inactivated by ________.
heat_
There are ___ major trypsin inhibitor proteins which can potentially reduce the nutritive value of feed ingredients.
2
Cyanogenic glycosides release ________________ upon hydrolysis.
hydrogen cyanide
Protease inhibitors tend to significantly increase intensional viscosity
false
Saponins are toxic glycosides that may be found in fairly high concentrations in alfalfa meals
true
A diet containing 0.3% crotalaria seeds can cause 100% mortality in chickens
true
The Office of the State Chemist must be notified when aflatoxin concentrations are identified higher than?
20ppb
Which of the following is one of the most toxic lectins known to man?
ricin
Which of the following can cause "black vomit"?
gizzerosin
So-called yellow sorghums are highly condensed tannins
false
Which of the following can be added to feed to control flies?
larvadex
Which of the following is a saturated fatty acid often associated with beef tallow?
palmitic acid
Fat is usually added to broiler diets at no more than ____% before pelleting, with additional fat being applied after the pelleting process if necessary.
3
Exposure to ammonia levels of 10-15ppm can disrupt epithelial tissues
true
Some colloidal clay binders have been thought to bind aflatoxins.
true
As a general rule of thumb, each 500 FTU's/kg exogenous phytase results in _____ percent of "available" phosphorus.
0.10
Which of the following cereal grains contains the lowest quantity of NSP's?
dehulled rice
Which of the following may be considered major classifications of exogenous enzymes?
lipases, carbohydrases, phytases, proteases
Exogenous lipases seem to be more affected in broilers less than 14 days in age versus older birds.
true
For each 1% of improvement in feed digestibility, there is a 5% decrease in exogenous enzyme effectiveness.
true
With of the following drugs are not affected by the VFD ?
Bacitracin MD (BMD)
Bacitracin Zinc
Carbadox
Ionophore coccidiostats
___would be best to include as a pelleting aid rather than merely to supply nutrients.
wheat shorts
Which of the following includes only probiotics?
Some streptococcus species, Lactobacilli, and Bacillus subtilis
The Veterinary Feed Directives limits the over the counter (OTC) use of antibiotics important to human health.
true
A corn-soy diet would likely have a high PDI than a wheat based diet.
false
Which if the following is a characteristic of an NSP?
Reduces growth and performance
There is a strong inverse relationship between intestinal viscosity and overall diet digestibility.
true
Exogenous lipases seem to be more effective in broilers less than 14 days of age versus older birds.
true
Which of the following ingredients is most likely to contain "gossypol" toxins.
cottonseed meal
With respect to the "partition" of energy for feed ingredients, which of the following is the preferred system to use when formulating most commercial poultry diets?
metabolizable energy
The "Kjeldahl" method of determining Crude Protein is based on the fact that all proteins contain an average of __________ percent nitrogen?
4
Chromatography is an analytical technique that can be used to identify specific amino acids from a protein hydrolysis.
true
Near Infrared Reflectance Analysis (NIRA) tends to work better or provide more accurate data on individual ingredients versus mixed feeds.
true
Which of the following ingredients would contain the most toxic lectin?
castor beans
Which of the following poultry classes would you be most concerned with when feeding cottonseed meal as a source of protein?
hy-line w36 layers
Which of the following mineral compounds has been shown to reduce the toxicity of gossypol?
iron sulfate
Free gossypol is considered to be more toxic than bound gossypol.
true
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins often called agglutinins or hemagglutinins.
true
Which of the following mineral elements is least appropriate for analyzing by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy?
phosphorus
With respect to "Quality Control" of major feed ingredients on-hand for manufacturing feed, which pair of assays should be performed with each bulk ingredient delivery or on a weekly basis?
moisture and crude protein
Which of the following is primarily used to measure the degree of "unsaturation" within a fat or oil?
iodine number
The nutritionist's computerized ingredient database must match the ingredients on hand as accurately as possible to maximize the precision of diet formulation.
true
Chromic oxide as an indigestible marker that can be used when performing ME studies
true
What is the maximum allowed concentration of aflatoxin-contaminated grain that can be used for feeding mature poultry?
100
Gizzerosine can be found in certain fish meals and produces a toxicosis in broilers known as "black vomit".
true
What is the difference between a "category 1" and a "category 2" regulated drug?
Category 2 requires a withdrawal period in contrast to Category 1
Which of the following would not be allowed in USDA "Organic" Certified poultry Production?
bacitracin md
The only type of domestic livestock that is legally allowed to consume aflatoxin contaminated feed ingredients up to 300 ppb are
feedlot cattle
The purpose of FSMA is to ensure the US food supply is safe by shifting the application from responding to contamination to preventing it.
true
Which of the following nutrient requirements are most appropriate for a broiler finisher feed?
18% P 3200 kcal ME /kg 0.85% Ca 0.40% available P
Fat is usually added to broiler diets at a maximum of ______ % before pelleting, with additional fat being applied after the pelleting process.
3
What is the most reasonable dietary energy (kcal/kg) for a post-peak laying hen?
2800
Which of the following is added to a poultry diet to increase the protein content of the feed?
oilseed meals
Lignosulfonates and colloidal clays have both been used as pellet binders for poultry feeds
true
The Pellet Durability Index is a measure of the proportion of intact pellets remaining after physical agitation.
true
What does "GMO" refer to?
genetically modified organism
The United States led the way across the globe with respect to limiting the use of antibiotics for animal production related to growth and feed efficiency.
false
Which of the following nutrient requirements are most appropriate for a laying hen feed based on a consumption of 100 grams per bird per day?
17% P 2800 kcal ME /kg 3.50% Ca 0.40% available P
High concentrations of NSP's present in the feed seem to increase growth while decreasing intestinal viscosity.
false
Glucose is a dietary essential carbohydrate required by all cells.
false
Cereal grains are added to poultry feeds primarily as a source of _____rather than protein
metabolizable evergy
Typical MIU's range
1-5%
Soybean meal serves as the primary source of
amino acid
Amino acid requirements _____ as the bird ages
decreases
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