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BIOL 222 Final Exam

Terms in this set (14)

Genotype Frequency
(# of individuals with genotype) / (total # of individuals in population)
Hardy-Weinberg Law
Explains the behavior of genes in populations in the absence of genetic forces
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
Evolution
Changes in allele frequencies of a population
Migration / Gene Flow
The movement of individuals to a different population and the reproduction of those individuals in the population
Directional Selection
Favors one phenotype with higher fitness over other phenotypes
Relative Fitness (w)
Relative measure of the survival and reproduction among known genotypes
Stabilizing Selection / Overdominance
Balanced polymorphism favoring the heterozygous genotype
Diversifying Selection / Underdominance
Selection on both ends of a distribution; heterozygotes have lowest fitness
Genetic Drift
Results in fluctuations in allele frequencies due to random sampling of alleles; the effect in small populations is generally far greater than in large populations
Founder Effect
Can result from establishing a new population with relatively few individuals
Genetic Bottleneck
Reduce population size and can cause loss of alleles from the gene pool
Cancer
Uncontrolled cell proliferation
Proto-Oncogene
Normally promotes cell division as a gain of function mutation; once mutated becomes oncogene; dominant
Tumor-Supressor Gene
Normally inhibits cell division; loss of function; cancer = failure to function; recessive = homozygous; heterozygote is "predisposed"
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