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psychology

Terms in this set (37)

philosphy
is the study of huamn behavior, thought and knowledge. The word originally meant "the love of wisdom"
behaviorists
A psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in their environment
humanistic psychologists
Psychologists who focus on ways "healthy" people strive for self determination and self-realization.
cognitive revolutions
A shift in psychology, that began in the 1950s, from the behaviorist approach in which the main thrust was to explain behavior in terms of the mind. One of the outcomes of the cognitive revolution was the introduction of the information-processing approach to studying the mind.
cognitive neuroscience
the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)
psychology
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
behavior
(psychology) the aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements made by an organism in any situation
mental processes
The thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us experiences privately but that cannot be observed directly
biopsychology approach
The brain and nervous system central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotions
nature-nurture issue
the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors
dual processing
the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
positive psychology
the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive
hindsight bias
the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
overconfidence
the tendency to be more confident than correct--to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments
scientific method
a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses
wording effects
occur when the questions asked on a sample survey are confusing or leading
random sampling
the selection of a random sample
correlation
a statistical relation between two or more variables such that systematic changes in the value of one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in the other
illusory correlation
the perception of a relationship where none exists
biological psychology
a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior
developmental psychology
the branch of psychology that studies the social and mental development of children
cognitive psychology
perspective that focuses on the mental processes involved in perception, learning, memory, and thinking
personality psychology
branch of psychology that examines individual differences and characteristics or traits that make each person unique
industrial/organizational psychology
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
counseling psychology
a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being
clinical psychology
the branch of psychology concerned with the treatment of abnormal mentation and behavior
social psychology
the branch of psychology that studies persons and their relationships with others and with groups and with society as a whole
psychiatry
the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
random assignment
assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
expiremental group
systematically manipulating variables therefore can get a cause and affect answert
control group
the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.
single blind study
a study in which the participants are unaware of whether they are in the control group or the experimental group
double blind study
Research method in which both the subjects and the experimenter are unaware or 'blind' to the anticipated results.
placebo
something presented as a drug, but having no actual effect
placebo effect
any effect that seems to be a consequence of administering a placebo
independent variable
(statistics) a variable whose values are independent of changes in the values of other variables
dependent variable
the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
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