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DAT General Chemistry (SP)

Terms in this set (48)

Molecular weight also called?
what is it?
given in what units?

Example; Na2So4 (sodium sulfate)
-molecular mass
-mass of the single molecule of the compound
- atomic mass units

Na= 22.990 + S= 32.065 + O=15.999 = 142.04
Molecular formula

Example; H2O (water )
H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide )
C6H12O6 (glucose)
shows the symbols and a subscript of a number to show how many there are

Has 2 H and 1 O
Molecular formulas is; H2O
emperical formula
if theres no common divisor then what?
if there is a common divisor then they can divide
can two compound have the same empirical formula (T/F)
can two compounds have the same molecular formula (T/F)
only gives the ratio of elements in the compound.
-then emperical and molecular formula are the same
Example water; H2O NO COMMON

-Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) = HO
Glucose (C6H12O6) = CH2O HAVE COMMON DIVISOR

-true
-false
percentage mass
is percentage mass and empirical formula related (T/F)
mass of the molecule / total mass of the compound
example; H20
H= 1.008 x2 = 2.016
O= 15.999 x 1 = 15.999
15.999+2.016= 18.015

H=2.016/ 18.015= .1112 = 11.12%
O=15.999/18.015= .8881 = 88.1%

-true
Avogadro's number (NA)
formula?
can convert moles to other substances? (T/F)
-number of atoms or molecules in one mole of substance
-6.022 x 10 (23)
-true
Density (p)
units it uses
for gases density depends on other factors like?
-mass of substance in a per unit of volume.
-kg/m3
-temperature and pressure
Oxidation Number
(more/less) electronegative atom has a lower oxidation state?
The numbers above the table
-is the number of electrons that added or removed from the equation
-more
Oxidizing agent
Reducing agent
takes electrons from other substance = reduced
donates electrons to other substance =oxidized
example of oxidizing agents
examples of reducing agent
-oxygen, chlorine, halogens, hydrogen peroxide

-hydrogen gas, sodium, alkali metals, iron (1st row of PT)
Redox Equation
make sure the symbols and the numbers are balanced on both sides. They must match
example; 2Fe3 + Sn2 --> 2Fe2+ Sn4 (Balanced)8onbothside
limiting reactant
other reactants that remain after the limiting reactant?
- is the one the runs out first
-excess reactants
There are four states of matter?
solid is the (least/ most )compressible
liquid has a definite volume but no definite --
gases has no definite
plasma are high temperature, ionized gases that exist only under very
solid, liquid, gas, plasma
-least
-shape
shape or volume
-high pressure which electrons are stripped away from there electrons
size of 1 kelvin= 1 celsius (T/F)
to convert Celsius to Kelvin you....?
to convert Kelvin to Celsius you...?
Kelvin has no ....?
-true
-add 273.15
-subtract 273.15
-no negative temperature
mercury barometer

higher density fluid ==
An instrument that measures changes in air pressure, consisting of a glass tube partially filled with mercury, with its open end resting in a dish of mercury.

-lower the height of the column
Ideal Gas Law
PV= nRT
R= 8.314 or .08205 (ideal gas constant)
pressure. volume= # of moles. gas constant. temperature (in Kelvin)
Boyle's Law
P1V1=P2V2
Charles' Law
V1/T1=V2/T2
(calculate in Kelvin)
Avogadro's Law
V1/N1=V1/N2
v=volume
n- number of moles or molecules
Heat unites can be?
-J/K or J/C
ideal gas
Cp-Cv=nR
cp= constant pressure
Cv = constant volume
N= number of moles
r= ideal gas constant 8.314
most instruments that measure for pressure inside a container doesnt measure the total pressure, but between pressure?
examples of this?
- inside and outside of the container
-doctor measuring blood pressure, tire pressure,
guage pressure
absolute pressure - atmospheric pressure
Absolute Pressure
Atmospheric pressure + gauge pressure
how to find he mole of a fraction?
take the numbers of moles of that mixture/ total moles of all mixtures
Daltons Law
can have multiple pressure( T/F)?
total pressure= partial P1 + partial P2 +partial P3
-true
Standard Unit of pressure is?
what are other common pressure units?
-Pascal (Pa)
- atmospheres 1atm=101,325 Pa
pounds per square inch (psi)
millimeter of mercury (mmHg) 1mmHg=133Pa also called torr
Hydrogen bonding is a intermolecular force between 2 --- molecules?
One molecule is attracted to another (++,--,+-)
H-bond increase --- and ---?
hydrogen bond acceptor
hydrogen bond donor
both donor and acceptor tend to be highly
-polar
-partial positive attracted to partial negative
-boiling point and viscosity
-negative charge molecule
-bonded to the h-bond in the first molecule
-electronegative
dipole interactions
can happen between any--- molecules
the more polar the -- they are
-intermolecular forces resulting from the attraction of a positive and negative charged ion.
-polar
- stronger
dipole induced force
intermoelcular force between a polar and a nonpolar molecule
van der Waals forces
how do they get stronger?
-can occur between any kind of molecule polar or nonpolar (neutral )
-larger thinner molecules
phase diagram
X AXIS?
Y AXIS?
Whats the triple point?
-A graph of pressure versus temperature that shows the conditions under which the phases (S,L, G) of a substance exist
-temperature
-pressure
-pressure and temperature in all three phases are in equalibrium
heat of fusion? Abreveation?
heat of vaporization? Abreveation?
types of unit it uses?
-Lf, amount of heat is required from going to a soild to liquid or liquid to gas

-Lv, amount of heat need from going to gas to liquid or liquid to gas.
-J/g

-mLf + mCdelta + mLv = ???
Enthalpy
H, total energy of thermodynamic system.
- H= U + PV
U- internal energy
Polar Colavent Bond
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
unequal sharing of electrons is due to there --? this causes a --bond?
-electrons are shared unequally
-electrons are shared equally
-electronegativity , stronger bond
Intensive (does or does not) depend on on the amount of matter of the sample?
will it change if it increased or decreased in the sample?
examples ?
-does not
-will not change
-color hardness, melting point, temperature
Extensive (does or does not ) depend on the amount of matter of the sample?
will it change if it increased or decreased in the sample?
examples?
- does
-will change
-volume, mass, weight
type of bonds can affect there -- and -- points
ionic bond (high or low )mp. bp?
covalent bond (high or low )mp. bp?
h bonding (high or low )mp. bp?
-melting and boiling point
-high
- low
-high
this disolves in this is called
salt and sugar can disolve in water because they are all---?
grease stains cant disolve in water because its --?
-solubility
-polar
-nonpolar
vapor pressure is related to ---?
vapor pressure increase then bp ---
ionic bond have high -- and low ---
covalent bond have high -- and low ---
h bond have high -- and low ---
-boiling point
-decreases
-high bp, low vapor
-high vapors, low bp
-high bp, low vapor
solute?
solvent?
which one is the greater amount?
which one is the lesser amount?
-one being dissolved
-doing the dissolving
-solute
-solvent

-example sugar is the solute and water is the solvent
the more solute in the solution =
the less solute in the solution=
- more concentrated
-less concentrated / more diluted
Saturated Solution?
Unsaturated solution?
supersaturated?
-themaxamountofsolute is added to the solvent
- containslessamountof solute is going into the solution
-if the temperature increase while adding solute
all nitrates and acetates are ---?
all chloride, bromides, iodides are soluble except?
all sulfates are soluble except?
all sulfides are ---- except
carbonates/phosphates/ are -- except
hydroxides are --- expect --
-soluble
-silver, mercury, lead
-strontium, mercury, lead, barium,
-ammonium, alkali metal, calcium, strontium and barium
-ammonium, alkali metals
-insoluable, alkali metal cations, calcium, barium, strontium
monoatomic ion? what is the prefix
oxyanions?
hypo ---
per--
example of chloride
less common compared to polyatomic anions
polyatomic cation example?
monoatomic ions, metals would be -- and nonmetal would --?
hydrogen can be ---?
-an ion formed from a single atom, ide
-has more the one oxygen atom with one atom of another element
-ite
-ate
-chlorate, chlorite, hyperchlorite, perchlorate
-polyatomic cations
-ammonium
-cations, anions
-both cation, anions
Hydroxide =
Cyanide=
Acetate =
Peroxide=
-OH
-CN
-C2H3O2
-O2
Hydration refers -- of water
hydration helps -- molecules dissolve in water
-addition
-polar
Freezing point depression depends on the -- of particles not the identity of the molecule.?
Adding nonvolatile solution to a solution will-- the freezing point of that solution?
The decrease in temperature is called?
equation for the amount of depression?
-number
-lower
-freezing point depression
-deltaT(freezing point)=mkf
m=molality /// kf-molal freezing point constant
Boiling point elevation depends on the -- of particles not the identity of the molecule.?
Adding nonvolatile solution to a solution will-- the boiling point of that solution?
The increase in temperature is called?
equation for the amount of depression?
-number
-increase
-boiling point elevation
-deltaT(boiling point)=mKb
m=molality//// kb=boiling point
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