Renal Practice Questions

Term
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What is the total body water weight in a 100-pound female?

A: 20 pounds
B: 40 pounds
C: 60 pounds
D: 80 pounds
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Terms in this set (18)
What is the total body water weight in a 100-pound female?

A: 20 pounds
B: 40 pounds
C: 60 pounds
D: 80 pounds
C: 60 pounds
An increase in ________ activity causes contraction of the detrusor (bladder) muscle.

A. sympathetic
B. parasympathetic
C. somatic motor
B. parasympathetic
Relaxation of this muscle in the urinary system is under voluntary control.

A. Smooth muscle of the ureters
B. Smooth muscle of the urethra
C. internal urethral sphincter
D. External urethral sphincter
E. detrusor muscle
External urethral sphincter
Which of the following two scenarios would each predict an INCREASE in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

A. vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole OR vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
B. vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole OR vasodilation of the efferent arteriole
C. vasodilation of the afferent arteriole OR vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
D. vasodilation of the afferent arteriole OR vasodilation of the efferent arteriole
C. vasodilation of the afferent arteriole OR vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
The sequential order of the blood flow through the nephron is best described as:

A. afferent arteriole- peritubular capillaries- efferent arteriole- glomerular capillaries
B. efferent arteriole- peritubular capillaries- afferent arteriole- glomerular capillaries
C. afferent arteriole- glomerular capillaries- peritubular capillaries- efferent arteriole
D. afferent arteriole- glomerular capillaries- efferent arteriole- peritubular capillaries
D. afferent arteriole- glomerular capillaries- efferent arteriole- peritubular capillaries
If a substance is filtered, secreted and completely reabsorbed in the nephron, how much is excreted?

A. nothing
B. everything that is filtered but not secreted
C. everything that is secreted but not filtred
D. everything
A. nothing
Which of the following substances is normally filtered in the glomerular capsule?

A. red blood cells
B. plasma protein
C. molecules > 5000 daltons
D. bacteria
E. glucose
E. glucose
A decrease in the osmotic force due to protein in the plasma will ________ the glomerular filtration rate.

A. increase
B. decrease
C. not change
A. increase
The kidneys maintain a constant GFR despite systemic changes. If the mean arteriole pressure drop below 70 mmHg which of the following is most likely to occur?

A. vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
B. vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
C. vasodilate of the efferent arteriole
D. vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole
A. vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
A person who has renal failure most likely has

A. hypokalemia
B. high plasma concentration of creatinine
C. low mean arterial pressure
D. high levels of erythropoietin
B. high plasma concentration of creatinine
Which of the following is TRUE about juxtamedullary nephrons? A. they originate in the outer 2/3 of the renal cortex B. they have relatively short loops of henle C. they are critical for producing hypertonic urine D. they comprise ~ 80% of the nephrons in the human kidneyC. they are critical for producing hypertonic urineThe juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of macula densa and granular cells. If plasma Na+ concentration is high then the release of ______ from granular cells will decrease. A. ADH B. aldosterone C. angiotensinogen D. renin E. angiotensin IID. reninWhich one of the following statements about inulin clearance is TRUE? A. it is typically greater than the GFR B. it is always less than GFR C. it is similar to the clearance of creatinine D. it is normally greater than the clearance of aminohippuric acid (PAH)C. it is similar to the clearance of creatinineUrea clearance is normally ______ the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). A. less than B. greater than C. equal toA. less thanIf the renal transport threshold for glucose is reached that means glucose _____ will increase A. filtration B. reabsorption C. secretion D. excretionD. excretion16. A person with Conn's disease has an abnormally high level of aldosterone. The urine of this person most likely has lower than normal concentration of A. Na+ B. H2PO4 C. NH4 D. K+A. Na+A person with Addison's disease has very low levels of aldosterone. The plasma of this person most likely has higher than normal concentration of A. K+ B. HCO3- C. Na+A. K+A person with altitude sickness (which causes hyperventilation) might benefit from which of the following diuretics? A. loop B. thiazide C. osmotic D. carbonic anhydrase inhibitors E. potassium sparingD. carbonic anhydrase inhibitors