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bio 1 topic 25 community ecology

Terms in this set (27)

community
association of population that live and interact in the same place at the same time
limiting resource
a resource in scarce supply
ecological niche
Sum total of a species' use of the biotic and abiotic resources.
-what it eats
- who it eats
-what resources it need
fundamental niche
what organisms can complete under ideal conditions
-living best life
realized niche
niche actually occupied by that species
-competition
competition
the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources
-same species intraspecific (within the species)
-diff species interspecific
- the size & number of species is determined by competition
competitive exclusion
identical ecological niche competiting for same limited resources cannot coexist
1. one can be exteripated(locally extinct)
resource partioning
The division of environmental resources by coexisting species such that the niche of each species differs by one or more significant factors from the niches of all coexisting species
-realized niche
predation
An interaction in which one organism kills another for food.
-one benefits, the other doesn't
the predator evolves better prey catching strategies, although prey evolves better hiding strategies
Prey adaptation strategies for catching prey:
keen senses, claws, fangs, speed, venom
prey adaptations for protection:
1. mechanical defense: porcupine quills for defense
2. chemical defense: skink discourages approachment
3. flee
4. groups
5. aposematic coloration: warning coloration. Don't flee, they have bright colors that show prey that they are dangerous
6. cryptic coloration camo: colors or markings that blend in physical surroundings
Batesian mimicry
a harmless species mimics a harmful one
-nonvenomous snake mimicking a venomous snake
Mullerian mimicry
2 harmful species mimic each other
symbiosis
A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species.
1. parasitism
2. mutualism
3. commensalism
parasitism
One organism benefits and the other is harmed
mutualism
both organisms benefit
commensalism
one species benefit and the other one doesn't care
species diversity
Variety of different kinds of organisms that make up a community.
species richness
the number of different species in a community
-oak, dark oak, jungle
relative abundance
tells us how many of one species is represented. how distributed the species is
food web
A community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains
-all food webs have limits to the number of links - energetic hypothesis
energetic hypothesis
food chain length limited by inefficiency of E transfer along chain
-only 10% of energy stored in organism matter of each trophic level transferred to next level
100kg = 10kg
dominant species
most abundant or have the most biomass
-jungle trees in jungle forest
keystone species
not abundant. exert strong control on a community by their roles or niches
-otter eats sea urchin, if otters gone, sea urchins overpopulate and destroy stuff
primary succession
succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists
ecological succession
gradual change in living communities that follows a disturbance
secondary succession
life begins in an area where soil remains
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