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APLAC Final: Rhetorical Stuff

Terms in this set (25)

Tropes
A figure of speech that used words or phrases in ways not intended by their normal meanings (artful diction)
Parallelism
Repetition of a grammatical pattern in a series of related words, phrases, or clauses
Adjective, adjective, adjective (the butterfly is pretty, delicate, and light)
Structure for parallelism of words
(Verb)ing nouns (singing songs, playing music)
Structure for parallelism of phrases
(Noun) is (comparative adjective) (the elephant is larger, the horse is stronger, the sponge is more absorbent)
Structure for parallelism of clauses
Rhetorical climax
Arrangement of a parallel series in order of importance, scope, or length in order to produce a payoff at the end; ends with the longest or most significant
Ellipsis
Omission of certain words or phrases from latter items in a parallel series because they can be understood from context (i wont tell if you wont— tell is omitted from the end)
Anaphora
repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines; created a poetic, hypnotic effect useful for climatic moments (we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing ground, we shall fight...)
Anastrophe
Reordering of words to affect sentence rhythm or emphasis (punished we were, disproportionate to the crime); basically talk like Yoda
Antithesis
A juxtaposition of balanced opposition used for emphasis (when he dives, the movie soars)(the people will judge you based on what you can build, not what you destroy)
Antimetabole
Repetition of words in nearly identical successive clauses with two words or phrases in reverse grammatical order (cheap labor isnt skilled. Skilled labor isn't cheap)(those who mind dont matter, and those who matter dont mind)
Zeugma
A series of two or more words grammatically "yoked" to another word in contrasting ways (I bought the salesman's story, and his product)
Synecdoche
Represent a whole by naming one of its parts or elements (grab some pine rookie— pine is an element of a baseball bat)(hey blue eyes!)
Metonymy
Represents a noun by naming another, inextricably related noun (Robin Hood is a traitor to the crown— he is actually a traitor to the state, but the crown represents that)
Anthimeria
The use of a word as a different part of speech than it is normally, correctly used (the disco mix ROCKETED to the top of the charts)
Asyndeton
omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words; emphasizes equality among the items or the randomness of the list; no "ands"; (the government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish)
Polysyndeton
Addition of extra conjunctions; emphasized the multiplicity of items in the list (lions and tigers and bears) (we needed money and guns and half a chance)
Anadiplosis
The repetition of a word or phrase from the end of one phrase, clause, or sentence to the beginning of the next; literally means "doubling up" (fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering)
Chiasmus
The repetition of reversed grammatical forms in successive clauses (ABBA pattern) (the car was rusty, and rusty too, were the hands that carried it)
Hyperbole
exaggeration for effect
Oxymoron
Self-contradictory phrase (cold fire)
Paradox
An apparent oxymoron that actually contains a deeper truth; does not just juxtapose opposites, it also makes an argument about the object's complexity (heroic villain)
Euphemism
Substitution of a more favorable and less direct term for an unpleasant or controversial one (they aren't civilian casualties, they're collateral damage; im not a criminal, im a troubled youth)
Rhetorical schemes
A device that changed word order or pattern to produce an effect (artful syntax)
Litotes
Make a point by denying its opposite (I am not without sympathy)
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