DAT BOOSTER 2

Term
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Photosynthesis reactant and products?
Reverse reaction of what process?
where does photosynthesis occur?
broken down ta two steps?
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Terms in this set (20)
Photosynthesis reactant and products?
Reverse reaction of what process?
where does photosynthesis occur?
broken down ta two steps?
water and CO2 --> carbohydrate(glucose) and O2
-cellular respiration
-chloroplast
-light dependent, light independent reaction (calvin)
light reaction occurs where/ and what occurs
makes what molecules
photosystem 2 and 1 is how many nm each?
(non-cyclic) what system makes ATP?
(non-cyclic) what system makes NADPH?
cyclic?
-thylakoid membrane//photolysis (spilt water and oxygen)
-NADPH/ATP
-680//700 nm
-ATP synthase
-NADP reductase
-doesnt have photosystem 2 or makes nadph
dark reaction occurs where
In this reaction it uses -- and -- from light reaction and fixes -- to make ---
depends on what cycle?
CO2 binds with --- (5c) to form a 6C molecule. Then it will break down ta 2- 3 carbon molecules -- called. This is done by -- an abundant molecule. makes -- molecule. converts back to ribulose 1,5 biphosphate
it needs cycle how many times?
-stroma
ATP/NADPH/ CO2/ carbohydrates (glucose)
-light independant reaction
-ribulose 1,5 biphosphate//phosphoglycerate// rubisco//glyceral-3-aldgehyde phosphate

-6
when rubsico bind to oxygen what is this process called ?
photorespiration is what kind of photosynthesis?
When three C molecule make glucose is what kind of photosynthesis?
which photosynthesis prevents photorespiration?
rubisco is in the bundle sheath cell so its seperated from mesophyll cells where-- cant bind? seperating co2 and calving cycle
which photosynthesis prevents photorespiration but by time?
(night) when stomata are open -- get into the cell makes PEP then makes OAA then make -- and stored in the vacuole
(morning) stomata are -- the stored malate converts to OAA then to PEP which releases CO2 then is used for --- cycle?
-photorespiration
-C2
-C3
-C4 AND C5
-Oxygen
-C5
-CO2, malate
-closed, calvin
immunology
whats a microscopic invader that causes disease? what are some examples?
there is three pathways?
-pathogen
-bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites
-innate(non-specific), adaptive(specific), complement which helps both
nonspecific (innate )
fast or slow response?
duration long or short?
does it have memory?

specific (adaptive)
fast or slow response?
duration long or short?
does it have memory?
-fast
-short (couple of days)
-no

-slower
-longer( months or lifetime)
-has memory
blood is composed of what main thing?
secound this its composed of?
What is on top of the red blood cells in a test tube and what is it called?
plasma without fibriogen is called?
-plasma (acellular)
-formed elements(cellular)(RBC)
-buffy coat(WBC)
-serum
LEUKOCYTES=
leukocytes can be catergorized into two groups
examples of granular?
examples of agranular?
-white blood cells
-granulars and agranulars
-mast cells, eosinophils, basophiles, mast cells
-lymphocytes, monocytes
GRANULAR
neutrophils (soldiers)(most abundent)
mobile? another word?
what do they do the pathogen once they get there?
what are the granular in the neutrophil?
oxidative burst reaction does what to the pathogen and how?
what happens to the neutrophil then?

Eosinophils
what color do they stain in eosin?
involved in what type of reaction?

Basophils
what do they release?
involved in what type of reaction?
stain what color?

Mast Cells (not polynucluer)
causes what?
mast cells are found where
-highly, chemotaxis
-phagocytosis
-lysosome
-kills it, reactive to oxygen species
-dies





-pink
-allegric reaction


-histamine and heprin
-allergic
-blue


-inflammation
-tissues
AGRAULAR
monocytes circulate in our blood to tissues and transform into ---?
largest phagocyte in our immune cells?
what always found in the blood? and whats always found in the tissues?
monocytes can also convert to a --- cell?
where are dendritic cells found?

Lymphocytes
examples of these?
which ones are innate and adaptive?
which one contains granular but is not considered one?
-macrophage
-macrophage
-monocytes///macrophages
-dendritic
-blood, connective tissue, lymphatic system



-natural killer cell(NK), B cells, T cells
-innate= NK adaptive= B/T cell
-NK
where does blood formation occur? via? hemocytoblast can convert to what two cells? found most to found less?-bone marrow, hematopoiesis -myeloid, lymphoid (B/T CELL NK) -neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils(never let men eat burritos)what are physical barries for pathogens? what are chemical barries for pathogens? If a pathogen gets into ur body what will get on the surface of it? Which leukocyte will be the first to attack? what molecules are on macrophages and dentric cells? if macrophages need help and cant fight the infection alone what will it release to call for back up and trigger inflammation? what is the goal of inflammtion? is it good are bad? what prevents clotthing?-skin(desiccation (drying out), mucous membrane, cilia -lysozyme (salivia, tears), stomach acid(low ph), symbiotic bacteria -PAMP -macrophages -PRR -cytokines -to bring more soldiers and so plasma proteins can start repairing damages //good) -heparinwhere do cytokines go when macrophages need help? they also make--- and -- cells? what cells is the 1st to arrive at a site of infection? what is the subclass of cytokines? theres interleukin 1 and 2 whats the difference? what does interferons do?-bone marrow//monocytes to make more macrophages and neutrophils -neutrophils -interleukins (IK) and Interferons -IL-1 helps with inflammation, while IL-2 helps between innate and adaptive -virus has already infected this cells so it releases interferons and tells neighboring cells to reduce RNA and protein synthesis so they wont get infecteddo natural killer cells attack pathogens? what do they target what activates NK cells? what does Nk cells release to kill cancer cells?2-no, your own naturally cell in body(cells that are already infected) -cytokine and interferons -perforin(form pores), granzyme(apoptosis)ADAPTIVE SYSTEM what is found on the surface of the pathogen?and is unique? what is produced by immune cells in your body? Antibody structure what shape is it? two types of chain? what hold these two types of chain? do antibodies kill pathogens? what do they do? four types of methods of how antibodies get fight of infections? when a macrophage engulfs to pathogen? when anitbodies block the pathogen? when anitbodies surrond the pathogen and (glue them together? lysis?-antigen -antibodies -Y -light and heavy -disulifed bond -no, bind to antigens -opsonization, neutralization, aggultination, enchancing activity systems -opsonization -neutralization -aggultination -enchancing activity systemsClasses of Anitbodies Found in bodily fluids(breast milk)(diameric) dont fully understand this one?(monomeric) snEEze found on mast cells and basophils which have histamine which cause an allergic reaction?(monomeric) most abundant and cross the placenta?(monomeric) largest in size 1st one to be exposed after a antigen?(pentameric) which one are antigen presenting cells(APC)?-IGA, IGD,IGE, IGG, IGM -IgA -IgD -IgE -IgG -IgM -marcopages, Bcells, dendritic cellsAll lymphocytes are born where? B cells mature where? produce what? t cells mature where? after they are mature where do they both go? B cells use what kind of immunity? T cells use what kind of immunity? b cells can turn into what kind of cells? without -- and -- t cell wont function correctly? T cells make what kind of cells? if it has an MHC1 molecule it will become what kind of cell? if it has an MHC2 molecule it will become what kind of cell?-bone marrow -bone marrow, antiBodies -thymus -lymphoid tissue(lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen) -humoral bodily fliuds) -cell mediated -Plasma cells and 1 Memory b cell -APC and MHC -cytotoxic (CD8)killer t cell) helper t cells(CD4) tagret for HIV -CD8 cytotoxic -CD4 helper t celltwo types of aquired immunity?active(long lasting) and passive(short lasting)Embryology after an egg has been ovulated in the ovary is called what?(outside) before ovulation or inside the ovary is called what?(inside) part of the ovulated ovum:(1n) the most outer layer? made of what type of cells? the next layer is?? made of what? the next layer is?? all these layers cover what membrane? part of a sperm:(1n haploid) what are they three distinct parts? what is the tip of the head called? what organelle is found in the head? the mid piece of the sperm has which organelle?-ovum -oocyte -corona radiada, granyolsers cells -zona pellucida (uitelline membrane)//glycoprotiens -periuiteline space -plasma membrane -head, mid-piece, tail -acrosome -nucleus -mitochondriaa process when sperm enters the uterus and fallopian tubes? when sperm is released are they mature? what helps them mature? why do most sperm die? this protein is added to the epididimis of the sperm for protection when they enter the uterus? after the sperm crosses the cervix it looses what? (sperm made it through the snow storm so it dont need its coat anymore) when sperm start to swim faster is called? what is it called when the head of the sperm exposes its acrosome? capacitation has three parts?-capacitation, no, the female reproductive tract -sperm is alkane while the vagina is acidic -glycoprotein coat -glycoprotein coat -hyperactivation -destabilization -glycoprotein coat, destabilzation, hyperactivation