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IB History of the Americas: Quiz 3.1 Study Guide

Terms in this set (30)

big stick diplomacy
§ proposed by President Theodore Roosevelt
§ brought parts of Latin America under direct control of the United States, including Cuba and Panama Canal
§ relied on a strong U.S. military to achieve America's goals
§ correlated with the Roosevelt Corollary
§ "speak softly and carry a big; you will go far"
dollar diplomacy
§ proposed by President William Howard Taft
§ used the lever of American investments to boost American political interests abroad
§ promoted financial security in foreign relations
moral diplomacy
§ proposed by President Woodrow Wilson
§ a system in which support is given only to countries whose beliefs are analogous to that of the nation
§ promotion of democracy to create a world free of revolution and war
§ an attempt to bolster the international affairs with the Latin-American nations by lending a helping hand to nations
define muckraker
§ the term coined by President Theodore Roosevelt to reporters who "dug deep for the dirt that the public loved"
§ led to reform on a particular issue in American society
purpose of "The Jungle"
§ intended to focus on the plight of workers
§ appalled the public with Sinclair's description of the disgustingly unsanitary preparation of food products
§ described Chicago's slaughterhouses
§ exposed the appalling working conditions in the meat-packing industry
purpose of "How the Other Half Lives"
§ pioneering work of photojournalism by Jacob Riis
§ documented the squalid living conditions in New York City slums in the 1880s
§ served as a basis for future muckraking journalism by exposing the slums to New York City's upper and middle class
§ stimulated the first significant New York legislation to curb poor conditions in tenement housing
social gospel
§ promoted a brand of progressivism based on Christian teachings
§ utilized religious doctrine to demand better housing and living conditions for the urban poor
Governor La Follette
§ an overbearing crusader and militant progressive Republican leader
§ wrested considerable control from the crooked corporations and returned it to the people
§ perfected a scheme for regulating public utilities
initiative v. referendum v. recall
§ initiative: voters could directly proposed legislation themselves
§ referendum: places laws on the ballot for final approval by the people
§ recall: enabled voters to remove faithless elected officials
(all methods to give more people authority in the election process)
17th amendment
-- approved in 1913, established the direct election of U.S. senators
Muller v. Oregon
§ a case favorable to women in the workplace
§ accepted the constitutionality of laws protecting women workers by presenting evidence of the harmful effects of factory labor on "women's weaker bodies"
§ an achievement for women workers rights
triangle shirtwaist fire
§ aided in prompting safety codes and reform for better workplace safety rules (i.e. fire drills, fire alarms, sprinklers, doors that open outwards, easily accessible fire extinguishers, taller ladders, etc.)
3 C's of the Square Deal
§ Roosevelt's program that embraced:
o control of the corporations (e.g. Hatch Act, Hepburn Act, etc.)
o consumer protection (e.g. Upton Sinclair's work)
o conservation of natural resources (e.g. the national park system in the United States)
Hatch Act and Hepburn Act
§ both associated with railroads
§ Hatch Act (1903): aimed at railroad rebate evil
§ Hepburn Act (1906): banned the idea of providing "free passes," with their hint of bribery to use particular railroads
Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act
§ Roosevelt passed laws after reading The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
§ The Meat Inspection Act (1906): anytime a railcar shipped over state lines, it would be subject to federal inspection
§ The Pure Food and Drug Act (1906): designed to provide transparency to prevent the adulteration and mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals (e.g. disclose side effects)
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