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Neuroanatomic diagnosis practice questions NOT FINISHED

Terms in this set (14)

Lesions ROSTRAL to the midbrain will have __________________ postural deficits.
CONTRALATERAL
Lesions CAUDAL to the midbrain will have _______________ postural deficits.
IPSILATERAL
What are the clinical signs of forebrain disorders?
1. Changes in personality
2. Postural reaction deficits but near-normal gait
3. Compulsive walking
4. Diminished problem-solving ability
5. Learned behavior deficits
6. Visual deficits (blindness, menace deficit)
7. Seizure
What is the forebrain?
telencephalon and diencephalon
Loss of cerebral cortical function may result in what deficits?
1. Inappropriate interactions with environment (strange behaviors)
2. Inability to adjust to changing conditions (postural reaction deficits with grossly normal gait)
3. Loss of command
4. Generalized seizures
5. Decerebrate rigidity
You have a patient who is exhibiting these symptoms:

-Right pelvic limb paresis
-Ataxia
-Stumbles on Right pelvic limb
-Right pelvic limb has an absent patellar reflex and absent withdrawal reflex
-Cranial reflexes are NORMAL

What is the lesion?
LMN lesion at L4-S1 due to decreased reflexes
You have a patient who is exhibiting these symptoms:

-Cannot bear weight on either pelvic limb (paraplegic)
-All thoracic reflexes normal
-Patellar reflex exaggerated bilaterally
-Flexor withdrawal present
-Everything else normal

What is the lesion?
UMN lesion at T3-L3

There ARE reflexes so there is no LMN signs. It is exaggerated so that is indicative of UMN lesion. UMN signs occur caudal to the lesion.
You have a patient who is exhibiting these symptoms:

-Trouble walking on R side (hemiparesis)
-Ptyalism from right side of mouth
-Menace response, Palpebral and ear twitch absent on R side(Indicative of CN7 problems)
-All spinal reflexes normal

What is the lesion?
Medulla/myelencephalon lesion.

We know it is localized there due to all deficits occurring on one side and CN7 being absent. This helps us localize to the medulla. Drooling (pytalism) is indicative of CN7 problems.
You have a patient who is exhibiting these symptoms:

-Ataxic
-Dull personality
-Less responsive to owner
-Normal gait but L side seems to be weak sometimes on slippery surfaces
-All thoracic reflexes and cranial nerves normal

Where is the lesion?
Forebrain lesion (R side)
Seizures always indicate ________________ dysfunction.
Forebrain
What are the clinical characteristics of lesions within the cerebellum?
Truncal ataxia
Intention tremor
Hypermetria
You have a patient who is exhibiting these symptoms:

-Acute onset of ataxia
-Head tilt to the RIGHT
-Nystagmus with fast phase to the LEFT
-Circling and falls to the RIGHT
-NO postural reaction deficits

What is the lesion?
Peripher Vestibular lesion
You have a patient who is exhibiting these symptoms:

-Difficulty walking
-Leans and circles to the LEFT
-Head tilt to the LEFT
-Hopping deficits LEFT thoracic and pelvic
-Exaggerated patellar reaction LEFT
-Fast phase to RIGHT

What is the lesion?
Central Vestibular lesions because there are UMN signs, postural reactions and the affected side is ipsilateral
You have a patient who is exhibiting these symptoms:

-Acute loss of balance
-Falling and head tilt to the LEFT
-Fast phase to the RIGHT
-Hypermetria and hopping deficits RIGHT limbs

What is the lesion?
Central Vestibular?
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