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States of Consciousness Unit Test

Terms in this set (50)

Sleep apnea is characterized by
a reflexive gasping for air during sleep
Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ________ content
manifest
Mark's abuse of alcohol and other addictive drugs is influenced by genetic factors, by the ready availability of drugs in Mark's neighborhood, and by Mark's failure to accurately assess the risks associated with drug usage. An understanding of Mark's difficulties within the framework of multiple levels of analysis is most clearly provided by:
a biopsychosocial approach.
The electroencephalograph is a device which measures:
brain waves
When people are experiencing vivid dreams
their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids.
Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that:
hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects.
Which of the following provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction?
physical dependence
Which of the following phenomena of hypnosis is usually used to help someone stop smoking?
hallucinations
Drug tolerance refers to the:
reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage.
People hypnotized for pain relief may show activity in brain areas that receive pain sensations but not in brain areas that make us consciously aware of the pain. This most directly supports the theory that hypnosis involves:
dissociation.
Plato's belief that death involves the separation of the mind from the body is known as:
dualism
The hormone that appears to play a key role in adjusting our biological clocks is
melatonin
It has been found that night terrors:
typically occur during Stage 3 sleep.
Studies suggest a relationship between insomnia and body temperature. Which of the following would a researcher use to test this relationship?
thermogram
Alcohol consumption ________ sympathetic nervous system activity and ________ self-awareness.
decreases; decreases
NREM-2 sleep is to ________ as NREM-3 sleep is to ________.
sleep spindles; delta waves
Which of the following drugs is most likely to produce a euphoric high and feelings of social intimacy?
Ecstasy
While serving as a subject at a sleep clinic, Erica is deprived of dreaming for several nights. As a result, she is likely to
experience REM rebound and spend more time in REM sleep on subsequent nights
Feli has been asleep for three hours. As he continues to sleep, we can expect that:
NREM-3 sleep will diminish and that REM sleep will increase in duration.
An electroencephalograph (EEG) is recording Alyssa's brain activity. She has just entered NREM-1 sleep when there is a sudden, loud crash in the sleep lab. It is likely that
the crash will wake Alyssa from her relatively light sleep
Sodium pentothal has sometimes been called a "truth serum" because it relaxes people and enables them to more freely disclose personally embarrassing experiences. It is most likely that sodium pentothal is a(n):
barbiturate
Bailey is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. She has been asleep for just over an hour now, and her EEG is showing low amplitude, irregular brain wave patterns. Her breathing and pulse rate are irregular, and her eyes are darting back and forth beneath her closed eyelids. The researcher who is monitoring Bailey's sleep can conclude that Bailey
has just entered REM sleep
Caleb wants to become a fighter pilot. The sleep disorder that would most likely make him ineligible to fly fighter planes would be
narcolepsy
One theory suggests that the brain activity associated with ________ is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain.
dreaming
Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.
manifest
Deep sleep appears to play an important role in:
physical growth.
Ryan is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches the printout from the EEG, sleep spindles begin to appear. Based on this information, the researcher can conclude that Ryan
has just entered NREM-2 sleep
Sleeping pills tend to ___ the amount of sleep one receives and ___ the quality of that sleep.
increase; decrease
Josef, a high school student, tells his therapist that he has had a recurring dream in which he hunts and kills a ferocious tiger. The therapist explains that the dream reflects Josef's unresolved feelings of hostility toward his father. According to Freud, the therapist is revealing the possible ________ content of Josef's dream.
latent
LSD is most likely to produce:
hallucinations.
Bed wetting and sleepwalking occur during which stage of sleep?
NREM-3
Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant?
nicotine
People are particularly responsive to hypnosis if they:
strongly expect that they can be hypnotized.
Which sleep disorder is more likely to be experienced by children than by adults?
night terrors
Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and a wide variety of other chemical agents that alter perceptions and moods are called:
psychoactive drugs.
When Mark first tried to quit smoking, he experienced anxiety, irritability, and difficulty sleeping. Mark was experiencing:
withdrawal.
Deep sleep is associated with which stage of sleep?
NREM-3
Gunther is a news anchor who just flew from San Diego to Paris, crossing 8 time zones. Based on what is known about jet lag, Gunther will most likely
take just over a week to adjust to the new time zone
The three main categories of psychoactive drugs are the depressants, the stimulants, and the:
hallucinogens.
Which of the following is a stimulant drug known as "speed" whose aftereffects may include seizures and periods of disorientation?
methamphetamine
A rapid EEG (beta waves), dreaming, rapid eye movements, and profound muscle relaxation go with
REM sleep
During which stage of sleep does the person report they were "just drifting"?
NREM-1
While Bev was hypnotized, her therapist suggested that during the next several days she would have a strong desire to eat well balanced meals. The therapist was apparently making use of:
posthypnotic suggestion.
A disorder characterized by sudden and irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking periods is
narcolepsy
Which instruments are used to monitor sleep in the laboratory?
EEG, EMG, EOG
Anne has noticed that for the past three weeks she is unable to sleep for more than five hours at a time, even though she used to regularly get 8 hours of sleep per night. She wakes early in the morning and just can't fall back to sleep once this happens. It appears that Anne has developed
insomnia
Dissociation refers to:
a state of divided consciousness.
To cure his insomnia, Mr. Ming-Hwei takes a sleeping pill just before bedtime. Research suggests that this practice:
may actually make Mr. Ming-Hwei's insomnia worse when it is discontinued.
An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of:
LSD
NREM-1 sleep is represented by EEG brain-wave patterns referred to as
alpha waves
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