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Chapter 11 : Civil War

Terms in this set (45)

Anaconda Plan
- This was created by the Union, and was composed with six components which involves on liberating slaves, blockading in the Southern area, capturing and controlling enemy base (Richmond Virginia) and defeat the troops by dividing them
Monitor and Merrimack
1862, Ironclad ships that fought an epic battle during the Civil War (Monitor - North; Merrimack {Virginia} - South); neither won.
Emancipation Proclamation
(AL) , Issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free
Writ of Habeas Corpus
A court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person
Copperheads
A group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War
Draft Riots
A series of violent disturbances in New York City that were the culmination of discontent with new laws passed by Congress to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War
Income Tax
Tax paid to the state, federal, and local governments based on income earned over the past year.
Andersonville
Confederate war camp in Georgia with terrible conditions for soldiers
Elmira
Union war camp with only slightly better conditions than that of the south
Gettysburg Address
(1863) a speech given by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg, in which he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War; supported the ideals of self-government and human rights
King Cotton
Expression used by Southern authors and orators before Civil War to indicate economic dominance of Southern cotton industry, and that North needed South's cotton. Coined by James Hammond
20 negro law
Exempted those who owned or oversaw twenty or more slaves from service in the Confederate Army; "rich man's war but a poor man's fight"
Trent Affair
A union vessel during the Civil War that intercepted a British ship evacuating confederate soldiers
Appomattox Courthouse
A town in Virginia where Lee surrendered what was left of his forces. Nine days later, near Durham, North Carolina, Johnston surrendered to Sherman.
Thirteenth Admendment
Constitutional Admendment that officially ended slavery January 1865
American Red Cross
A disaster relief organization founded in Washington, D.C. on May 21, 1881 by Clara Barton to aid US military and conduct peace time relief work.
54th mass regiment
September 1863 this regiment made of mostly of African Americans led a heroic charge on South Carolina's Fort Wagner
US Sanitary Commission
Assisted Union armies in the field, trained nurses, collected medical supplies, and equipped hospitals.
Our American Cousin
The play that Lincoln went to see at Fords theater April 14 1865/the day of his assassination.
Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861. Virtual declaration of war by Lincoln. 1st shot of the civil war. Only casualty 1 confederate horse. Charleston, South Carolina.
Bull Run
1st real battle, Confederate victory, Gen. Jackson stands as Stonewall and turns tide of battle in favor of Confederates, realization that war is not going to be quick and easy for either side
Shiloh
A gory battle in this area, over the Tennessee border from Corinth where a Confederate force foiled Grant's plans on capturing the junction of the main Confederate north-south, and east-west railroads in the Mississippi Valley
Antietam
A battle near a sluggish little creek, it proved to be the bloodiest single day battle in American History with over 26,000 lives lost in that single day.
Gettysburg
This was one of the worst battles fought in the North. General Lee tried to attach Washington, DC and his army ran into the Union near this location. They fought for 3 days and 50,000 soldiers were killed. The North won.
Chancellorsville
A major battle in the American Civil War (1863), the Confederates under Robert E. Lee defeated the Union forces under Joseph Hooker. General Jackson was killed by friendly fire.
Fort Wagner
Fort opposite Sumter guarding Charleston harbor; located on Morris Island, only accessible by boat. It was the site of memorable action of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment
Vicksburg
Grant besieged the city from May 18 to July 4, 1863, until it surrendered, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union.
Abraham Lincoln
16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)
Jefferson Davis
An American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865.
General Ulysses S. Grant
Union commander of western forces; was later given command of all Union forces. Battered Lee's armies into submission around Richmond and received Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse. Later became the 18th president.
General Robert E. Lee
Confederate general who did not support seccession but was loyal to his home state of Virginia; won the First Battle of Bull Run, but surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse. Offered by Lincoln to lead the Union Army but was loyal to his home state Virginia when they seceded from the Union.
Major Robert Anderson
Commander of Fort Sumter. Sent word that his provisions were running low and he requested that new supplies be sent. Lincoln would enforce the laws and protect federal property at Fort Sumter. As supplies were on the way General P. G. T. Beauregard headed towards Fort Sumter to demand its surrender or destruction.
Stonewall Jackson
General in the Confederate Army during the Civil War whose troops at the first Battle of Bull Run stood like a stone wall (1824-1863)
Conscription
A military draft (During the American Civil War a wealthy man could avoid ~ by hiring a substitute to serve in his place)
PGT Beauregard
Confederate forces ordered this confederate general to attack Fort Sumter. Running low on supplies and disheartened by the two day invasion, Major Anderson surrendered. Soon after, four more slave states seceded.
Winfield Scott
In charge of the Union army. Came up with the idea to block the South ports. He estimated the war would last 2-3 years. He got fired, but they followed his original plan.
David Farragut
Captured New Orleans and maintained a blockade along the Gulf Coast against Confederate forces.
George McClellan
A general for northern command of the Army of the Potomac in 1861; nicknamed "Tardy George" because of his failure to move troops to Richmond; lost battle vs. General Lee near the Chesapeake Bay; Lincoln fired him twice.
Clara Barton
Launched the American Red Cross in 1881. An "angel" in the Civil War, she treated the wounded in the field.
Dorothea Dix
1802-1887 crusader of the rights of the mentally ill in N. america and europe she founded over 30 hospitals for mentally ill and influenced government with her research in 1861 was appointed first superintendent of u.s. army nurses
Sally Tompkins
Established an infirmary for wounded Confederate soldiers in Richmond, Virginia. When Confederate hospitals were brought under military control, Jefferson Davis commissioned her as an officer with the rank of captain, making her the first female military officer in American history.
Henry Wirz
commander of Andersonville (Confederate prison camp) in Georgia made to hold 10,000 Union soldiers...howerver, it "housed" 32,000 and was the reason for 12,912 deaths
William Tecumseh Sherman
2nd most important Union General who introduced total war in "the march to the sea." He destroyed crops, towns, and farms everywhere he went.
John Wilkes Booth
An American stage actor who, as part of a conspiracy plot, assassinated Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865.
Matthew Brady
Documented the American Civil War (civil war said to have ended because of him) through photography.
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