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Autonomic Nervous System - Pharmacology - Spring 2022

Terms in this set (30)

What are the two primary neurotransmitters?
ACh and NE
What receptor does ACh bind to?
Cholinergic receptor
What receptor does NE bind to?
Adrenergic receptor
What are the two types of cholinergic receptors?
Muscarinic and Nicotinic
What are the two types of adrenergic receptors?
Alpha and Beta
Stimulation of Cholinergic receptors are active during what?
Rest and Digest (Parasympathetic)
What happens when you stimulate Cholinergic Receptors?
-increase salivation, sweat, lacrimal
-detrusor muscle contraction (occurs during urination)
-stimulate digestion, defecation
-increase glucose storage and decrease blood glucose
-bronchoconstriction, decrease O2
-decrease HR, CO and BP
-increase stimulation of brain, movements, vomiting
-Miosis, to increase close vision
-increase aqueous humor flow
In the somatic nervous system, transmission at the neuromuscular junction is considered what? Cholinergic or Adrenergic?
Cholinergic
Agents that bind to cholinergic (muscarinic or nicotinic) and prevent the effects of ACh and other cholinergic agonsits
Cholinergic antagonist
Nicotinic receptors typically have action where?
Skeletal neuromuscular junctions or autonomic ganglia.
You are about to perform a total knee replacement and you ask the anesthesiologist to begin the muscle relaxation/anesthesia process. What will the anesthesioligist give the patient to relax muscles and essentially paralyze the patient
A neuromuscular blocking agent (mostly nicotinic antagonist)
Also known as anticholinergic drugs that cause inhibition of muscarinic functions
Antimuscarinic Agents
What are two agents that are commonly used as antimuscarinic agents?
Atropine and Scopolamine
What are two effects of giving a patient either atropine or scopolamine?
-Innervating the salivary and sweat glands
What has a high affinity for muscarinic receptors and prevents ACh from binding to these receptors centrally and peripherally?
Atropine
If you were to give atropine to a patient (its a antimuscarinic agent), it would treat what?
-Treat Bradycardia, especially during an emergency
-Decrease Bladder Contraction
-Dilates Pupils
-Antidote for pesticide poisoning
A patient comes into the ER with a heart rate of 30 (normal is anywhere from 60-90), what medication either should be given or should come to mind to give this patient?
Atropine, which treats the bradycardia
What are some adverse effects of giving atropine? (it could be the desired effect or an adverse effect)
-tachycardia
-constipation
-urinary retention
-dry mouth, eyes, blurry vision
-more severe, hyperthermia, confusion, dizziness
-Contraindication, narrow angle glaucoma, reduces aqueous humor drainage
Anti-muscarinic, or cholinergic receptors, will have what effect once stimulated?
-decrease secretions, salivary, sweat, lacrimal
-detrusor muscle relaxed (decrease urination)
-decrease digestion, constipation
-decerase glucose storage so we see an increase in blood glucose
-bronchodilation so increase O2
-increase Hr, CO and BP
-decrease brain stimulation
-myosis, increase distant vision
-decrease aqueous humor flow
These drugs block cholinergic transmission between motor nerve endings and the nicotinic receptors on skeletal muscle
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Kahoot review: which statement is false regarding P-glycoprotein?

1) Contributes to drug interactions
2) is a transmembrane transporter protein
3) contributes to drug resistance
4) causes drug absorption through facilitated diffusion
4
Repeated administration of a drug resulting in a diminished therapeutic response may be referred to as
Tachyphalaxis
Efficacy is
dependent on the # of drug-receptor complexes formed and intrinsic activity
Potency is
The measure of the amount of drug necessary to produce an effect
If drug A induces enzymes that metabolizes drug B, which statement is true?

1) may need a higher dose of drug B
2) May need a lower dose of drug B
3) Drug B may be more effective
4) Drug B could reach toxic levels
1
If drug A induces enzymes that metabolizes drug B, which statement is true?

1) The half life of drug B will increase
2) The half life of drug B will decrease
3) the half life of drug A will increase
4) the half life of drug A will increase
2
The extent and rate at which the active drug moiety enters circulation is known as

1) First order kinetics
2) first pass metabolism
3) therapeutic equivalent
4) bioavailability
4) Bioavailability
A maintenance dose is:

1) administered to achieve plasma levels rapdily
2) is reached when plasma and tissue levels remain relatively constant
3) achieved after 4-5 half lives generally
4) is the highest- plasma therapeutically effective drug concentration
3
Enteric coated aspirin:

1) Is absorbed in the stomach
2) is absorbed in the large intestine
3) is absorbed in the small intestine
4) causes more stomach upset than plain aspirin
3
Drugs that bind to and activate receptors are referred to as

1) Antagonist
2) Agonist
3) allosteric antagonist
2
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