Unit 11: The Nervous System

Sacral, lumbar, brachial, cervical
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Sacral, lumbar, brachial, cervical
List the spinal nerve plexuses in the correct order from lower body to upper body
Astrocytes surround capillaries in the brain and maintain the blood-brain barrier, which prevents harmful substances from passing the bloodstream into the brain.
If one of your peers is confused about the functions of the central nervous system neuroglia, which of the following would you include in your explanation of the different types and their functions?
Myelin sheath
What surrounds some (or many) axons, providing insulation that increases conduction speed?
Soma, many dendrites, and one axon
What does a typical neuron consist of?
Brachial spinal nerves
What is NOT a type of spinal nerve?
Astrocytes establish the blood-brain barrier
Although the satellite cells in the PNS perform similar functions as astrocytes do in the CNS, which of the following distinguishes these types of neuroglia from each other?
Satellite cells
What is NOT a type of neuroglial cell in the CNS?
Unipolar neurons are sensory neurons in which the axon splits into two branches that attach to the cell body
If one of your classmates asked you to explain the different types of neurons that can be classified by structure, which of the following would you include in your explanation
Oligodendrocytes have processes that reach out to multiple axon segments, whereas the entire Schwann cell surrounds just one axon segment.
How do Schwann cells differ from oligodendrocytes?
Gray matter consists of the cell bodies of neurons organized into horns, whereas white matter is formed by myelinated axons organized into columns.
Which of the following statements accurately compares gray and white matter of the spinal cord?
The neurogliaWhat is NOT part of a neuron?What is the function of neurons?Conducting electrical signals and passing information rapidly throughout the bodyWhich of the following is a difference between the dorsal and central roots that connect spinal nerves to the spinal cord?Dorsal roots transmit sensory signals, whereas ventral roots transmit motor signals.Examples of effectors in the nervous system include:Answer: muscle fibers in the biceps brachiaInputs to the nervous system may include:Answer: skin temperatureOutputs of the nervous system may result in:Answer: increased salivationOutputs of the nervous system may include:Answer: Increased heart rateExamples of effectors in the nervous system include:Answer: heart muscleMotor systems that are under our voluntary control (such as contraction of the biceps brachii,, a striated muscle) are part of the ____________ nervous systemAnswer: Somatic____________ plexuses are found on the walls of digestive organsAnswer: EntericWhich of the following is part of the PNS?Answer: sciatic nerveAlpha motor neurons are part of the ____________Answer: somatic nervous systemAt a synapse, the postsynaptic cell contains _________Answer: receptorsThe type of glial cell responsible for the immune defense of the brainAnswer: microgliaThis glial cell type creates CSF as a filtrate of blood, then moves CSF around with cilia inside the ventriclesAnswer: ependymal cellsCells in the nervous system that play a major role in support and nutrition of brain cells are _______Answer: glial cells________ cells support regrowth of cut nerve axons. Oligodendrocytes do not.Answer: Schwann cellsMyelinated axons in the PNS are surrounded by ____________Answer: astrocytesA spinal nerve exits the vertebra canal through the _____________Answer: intervertebral foramenThe cerebrum (cerebral cortex) and basal nuclei develop from which primary brain vesicle?Answer: prosencephalon (forebrain)The retina of the eye, the thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the epithalamus all derive from this secondary brain vesicle, who's name means "paired brain." All of the structures occur in pairs.Answer: DiencephalonBody temperature is regulated by the _________Answer: hypothalamusThe function of the pituitary gland is directly controlled by the _________Answer: hypothalamusDamage to Broca's areas causes ________Answer: AphasiaAphasiaProblems with producing speech and other symbolic languageWhich process is the molecular-level event that produces memories?Answer: Long-term potentiation