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Terms in this set (715)

beauty professionals are often held to higher image standards by clients because they view beauty professionals as ___?

professional behavior, a positive attitude, team camaraderie, good communication skills, and proper ergonomics are factors that assist in creating a ___.

professional image

it is essential for beauty practitioners to be well groomed and practice basic hygiene everyday because they ___.

work in close proximity to their clients

what term refers to the daily maintenance of cleanliness through the practice of good healthful habits?

personal hygiene

what are some items that should be included in your hygiene pack, or personal collection of items, to maintain the necessary sanitary habits at work?

dental care items, hand sanitizer, and body freshening products

being well-groomed advertises the beauty professional's____the beauty industry.

a no-fragrance salon policy protects clients who have chemical sensitivities of allergies and stipulates that team members cannot wear ____

____ involves the process of caring for parts of the body and maintaining an overall polished look

personal grooming

the impression that you project through both your outward appearance and your conduct in the workplace is your _____

professional image

salons often implement ____ to create a salon culture, protect employees' clothing while working with chemicals, and ultimately ensure their stylist are dressed for success

dress code guidelines

regardless of your salon's dress code, your clothing should always be clean, fresh, functional, and ____

shoes worn by stylists while working in the salon should be comfortable, closed-toe, ____, and provide arch support

the maintenance of healthy skin and the careful application of _____ enhance your best facial features and promotes your professional image

which element is considered the hallmark of professionalism?

what term best describes your posture, as well as the way you walk and move?

physical presentation

sitting or standing improperly can put a great deal of stress on your ____

neck, shoulders, back, and legs

sitting or standing with your back straight, head and shoulders held high, neck balanced, and the chest opened up and out are guidelines for good work ____

the science of designing and planning of the workplace, as well as it equipment and tools, for maximum comfort, safety, and efficiency is known as ____

what types of injuries are most commonly reported by stylists in salons that do not practice ergonomics?

wrist and back injuries

____ is the key to avoiding problems with posture and movements

bending forward and/or twisting your body to get closer to your client, gripping or squeezing you implements too tightly, and holding your arms too far away from your body are examples of ____ that will ultimately cause injuries

repetitive motions

stressful, repetitive motions have cumulative effect on joints and ____

holding the wrist in a(n) ____ position while using implements can help prevent injuries

which action would be most helpful in countering the negative effect of repetitive motions?

stretching and walking around at intervals

a tennis ball is useful in exercise to release stress from repetitive movement of which body part?

effective human relations and ____ skills build lasting client relationships, accelerate professional growth, and promote a positive work environment

in cosmetology, ____ is the cornerstone of success

customer service

an important practical step that promotes effective communication is to ____

talk less and listen more

the act of successfully sharing information between two people, or groups of people, is known as ____

effective communication

every new client should complete a client ____, also called a client questionnaire, consultation card, or health history form

the ____ is the client's permanent progress record of service and contains the results, formulations, products used during services, as well as any sensitivities or allergies

service record card

a client who prefers simple and sophisticated clothing, monochromatic colors, and no bright patterns may best be described as having a(n) ____ style

what verbal communication with a client assists in determining the client's needs and how to achieve the desired results?

client consultation

when should a client consultation be performed ?

during each salon visit and service

what is a collection of photos and images of stylist's work that she or he can use during the consultation to assist a client in making decisions about style or color?

professional portfolio

what is the first step in the 10-step consultation method?

review the intake form

during which step of the consultation should you ask the client what at-home products she or he uses?

analyze the clients hair

listening to the client and then repeating, in your own words, what you think the client is telling you is known as ____

reflective listening

when making recommendations to a client regarding hair style or color, which of the following criteria should be used?

lifestyle, face shape, and hair type

when making color recommendations to a client, it is important to ensure that you both are speaking the same language. Using _____ is one way to eliminate confusion and eliminate the possibility of a color mistake

in which step of the consultation would you counsel clients on salon maintenance, lifestyle limitations, and home maintenance commitments?

discuss upkeep and maintenance

when handling a scheduling mix-up with a client, it is recommended that you ____

never argue and always be polite

what is one of the first steps you should take when a client is dissatisfied with a service?

ask for specifics

you older clients may not like gum chewing, slang, or the use of yeah instead of yes. Awareness of these ____ will help you remain professional with all clientele

generational differences

maintaining an appropriate client relationship means that you do not attempt to fulfill the role of _____ with any client

honesty is always the best policy, but practicing ____ will ensure that you think before you speak

if a dispute arises among your salon team member, it is important for you as a fellow team member to remain respectful, objective, and ____?

which relationship has vested interest in the success of the stylist?

when communication with you salon manager, you should be open and honest, have correct information, and never ____

complain about colleagues

the most opportune time to discuss increasing your client bookings, raising your pay scale, or the possibility of future advancement with your manager is ____

during your evaluation meeting

developing and applying sound life skills helps build a foundation for a successful career in salons and spas. Which life skill is most important for a cosmetologist?

maintaining a cooperative attitude

____ is the process of fulfilling one's full potential over the period of a lifetime

self-actualization

____is based on inner strength and begins with trusting your ability to achieve set goals

what is a success strategy that can turn your image of a dream job into a successful salon?

____ unblocks the creative mind and allows for the exploration of new ideas and solutions

eliminating self-critical thoughts

what are the three habits mentioned in your text that can keep you from maintaining peak performance?

procrastination, perfectionism, and lack of a game plan

____ is the unhealthy compulsion to do things perfectly due to the fear of taking risks and making mistakes

____is the conscious act of planning your life with daily, monthly, and yearly goals, instead of just letting things happen

having a game plan

despite what emotions a person feels, ___ and ___ skills will help people move to the next level in their career

motivation ; self-management

what term refers to having a talent such as painting, acting cutting hair, applying makeup, or doing artificial nails, as well as possessing unlimited inner resources of ideas and solutions?

what are three active problem-solving words that should be utilized when building a positive vocabulary?

explore, analyze, and determine

one essential part of any business plan is a ___, which establishes the purpose and values of an institution, provides a sense of direction by defining guideline principles and clarifying goals, and functions as the foundation for the business operation

mission statement

which term refers to the identification of long-term and short-term goals?

which action is the best example of a short-term goal?

going to school to become a licensed cosmetologist

which action is the best example of a long-term goal?

becoming a salon owner

____ means to order tasks on a to-do list from most important to least important

arriving to work in time, starting the first client as soon as he or she arrives, and staying on schedule are goo examples of real-life ____

time management

how can a licensed cosmetologist best keep abreast of new trends, techniques, products, and information?

seek continuing education opportunities

if studying or other activities become overwhelming, focus on ____

completing small tasks one at a time

the moral principles by which we live and work are known as ____

providing skilled and competent services; being honest, courteous, and sincere; maintaining client confidentiality; participating in continuing education; and distributing accurate information are five actions of ____ behavior

what are the four primary aspects of ethical professionals, as mentioned in your text?

self-care, integrity, discretion, and communication

____, also known as tact, is the ability to deliver truthful, even sometimes critical or difficult, messages in a kind way

a combination of understanding, empathy, compassion, responsiveness, and acceptance can best be described as ____

professional who practice active listening and have both non-verbal and verbal skills, are effective at ____

the term cosmetology comes from the ____ word kosmeticos, meaning skilled in the use of cosmetics

archaeological studies reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced in some form as early as the ____

studying the history of cosmetology can ____

help you predict or understand current trends

who were the first people to cultivate beauty with extravagant fashions and were the first to use cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits?

ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to infuse essential oils from ____ for use as perfumes and for purification purposes

leaves and blossoms

which queen erected a personal cosmetics factory next to the Dead Sea?

Queen Cleopatra

which substance was created by ancient Egyptians from a mixture of ground galena (a black mineral), sulfur, and animal fat?

What were the royal colors of the Chou Dynasty (circa 1100 BC)?

gold and silver

what mineral, considered the chief source of mercury, was ground into a fine powder and used to make vermillion, a brilliant red pigment?

in ancient Rome, women used hair color to indicate their class in society. what color did poor women use to dye their hair?

the process of steam distillation was refined by Avicenna, a ___, around AD 100

persian physican

during the renaissance, the unusual practice of shaving the eyebrows and hairline was performed to show a greater expanse of forehead, a brow-less forehead was thought to give a woman a look a look of greater____

during which austere and restrictive period in british history (1837-1901) did queen victoria reign?

why did women pinch their cheeks and bite their lips during the victorian age?

to induce natural color

who were the biggest trendsetters in beauty applications in the early twentieth century?

celebrities and society figures

which polish immigrant americanized his name in 1908 and moved to los angeles, where he began making and sellling makeup?

____, the child of former slaves, was a pioneer in the modern african american hair care and cosmetics industry

sarah breedlove

who invented the first curling iron in 1872?

what product was first marketed by charles revson in 1932, and glamorized by early screen sirens, jean harlow and gloria swanson, in their early motion pictures?

which group ushered in a new era of highlights in the 1970s by introducing the art of hair weaving using aluminum foil?

french hairdressers

in 1985, a hairdresser, _____, led by his passion for his craft and environment, revolutionized the beauty industry by inverting the world's first ammonia-free haircolor

who coined the name "day spa" in the late 1980s?

the salon industry depends heavily on its relationship with product distributors, which are referred to as ____

distributor sales consultant

cosmetologist may choose to specialize and work in a specific type of facility. which facility would be least appropriate for a specialist?

your license will unlock countless doors for employment. however, your career must be ____

fueled with personal dedication and passion

the surface of a healthy natural nail should be ____

smooth and unspotted

clients with skin or nails that are infected, inflamed, or swollen should be referred to a(n) ____

visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate that are the result of a major illness or injury are known as ____

what is a nail condition in which blood clots form under the nail plate due to a small injury of the nail plate?

which type of nail had a noticeably thin, white nail plate, and is more flexible than a normal nail?

when the eponychium or other living tissue surrounding the nail plate becomes split or torn, a ____ occurs

which treatment should be suggested to an individual with a simple hangnail?

hot oil manicure

redness, pain, and swelling are best described as signs of a(n) ____

minor damage to the matrix that produces a whitish discoloration of white spots on the nails is known as ____

leukonychia spots result from ____

injury to the nail matrix

a dark band within the nail plate extending from the base to the free edge due to increased pigmentation is known as ____

melanocytes are ____

an individual who bites his or her nails may be said to have ____

split or brittle nails with a series of lengthwise ridges and a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate is known as ____

excessive use of ____ can cause onychorrhexis

cuticle removers

a highly curved nail plate often called "folded nail," caused by injury to the matrix or inherited, is a(n) ____

plicatured nail

____ often leads to ingrown nails

plicatured nails

ridges running vertically down the natural nail plate are caused by ____

uneven growth and age

physical trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages the capillaries and allows small amounts of blood flow results in ____

splinter hemorrhages

the disorder in which the edge of the nail plate curl around to form a sharp come at the free edge is called ____

Moriah has a nail deformity. The general term for her condition is ____

inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shredding of the natural nail plate is known as ____

which of the following is an infectious nail condition?

____ refers to a fungal infection of the nail

which parasite, under some conditions, can cause infections to the feet and hands?

if a cosmetologist provides a service to a client with a fungal infection, it it ____ that the cosmetologist will get that infection from the client

extremely unlikely

discolorations of the nail plate from infections of the fingernails or toenails are usually the result of a ____

bacterial infection

a naturally occurring skin bacterium that can grow out of control and cause nail infections, incorrectly referred to as a mold, is ____

pseudomonas aeruginosa

in the early stages, a typical bacterial infection on the nail plate can be identified as a ____

yellow-green spot

severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate is called ____

pyogenic granuloma

a friend shows you paperwork from a doctor stating that he had tinea pedis. What is his condition?

tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate is an indication of ____

an ingrown nail is called a(n) is called ____

onychocryptosis

the lifting of the nail plate from the plate from the bed without shedding is a sign of _____

onychomadesis is the separation and falling off of a nail plate and can typically be traced to ____

local infection

the natural nail is part of the what system?

the natural nail is composed mainly of a hard, fiber-shaped ____

which statement is true of the nail plate?

It is more porous than normal skin of equal thickness

as it grows, the ____ slides across the nail bed

the nail plate is formed by the ____

which of the following may appear to be one solid piece, but is actually constructed of about 100 layers of nail cells?

the part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe is called the ____

the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate is the nail ____

which part of the nail unit is richly supplied with blood vessels and with nerves?

the nail bed contains many nerves and is attached to the nail plate with a thin later of tissue called the ____

karen is very nervous at her first job interview. her hands are sweating so much that she thinks her fingernails are sweating. in reality, from which part of the nail unit is the sweat most likely arising?

a freckle is an example of a mark on the skin known as a ____

a large blister containing a watery fluid is a ___

for which of the following skin lesions should the cosmetologist refer the client to his or her physician?

a flat spot or discoloration on the skin is a ____

a small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop pus is a _____

a ____ forms from a papule when dead white blood cells accumulate in it

an abnormal cell mass that varies in size, color, and shape is a ____

which of the following is considered to be a primary skin lesion?

lessions of the skin characterized by piles of material or a depression on the skin surface are ____

secondary lesions

_____ refers to a skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping

cracks in the skin that penetrate the dermis layer, such as chapped hands or lips, are _____

which of the following is a secondary lesion?

an excessively thick scare resulting from overgrowth of fibrous tissue is known as a _____

any thin dry or oily plate of epidermal flakes is known as a ____

an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane, accompanied by pus and characterized by loss of skin depth, is a(n) ______

a hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum forms a ____

a whitehead is also called a ____

benign, keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening are _____

a _____ is a large protruding pocket-like lesion filled with sebum

inflammation of the sebaceous glands characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and/or itchiness is called _____

seborrheic dermatitis

distended or dilated surface blood vessels are called _____

telangiectasias

ingestion of ____ foods can aggravate rosacea

excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness is ____

____ is a common bacterial infection of the eye

a noncontagious skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales found on the scalp elbows, knees, chest and lower back is ____

congenital hypopigmentation, or absence of melanin pigment of the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes is called ____

______ is a skin disorder characterized by abnormal light patches

a ____ is a small brown or flesh-colored outgrowth of the skin

hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis is a ____

what type of skin cancer is often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules?

squamous cell carcinoma

dark, brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised may be a warning sign of ____

malignant melanoma

the American Cancer Society recommends using a checklist to recognize potential skin cancer or changes in moles, using the letter B to check mole _____

the main food source for acne bacteria is _____

which of the following is an extrinsic skin-aging factor?

Between 80 percent and 85 percent of skin aging is caused by ____

the UV rays of the sun reach the skin in two different forms. what are they?

UVA and UVB rays

what rays of the sun cause sunburns and tanning and are also known as burning rays?

the two types of contact dermatitis are ____

allergic and irritant

____ is an allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or a substance

without a thorough understanding of ____, cosmetologists could damage hair, cause hair loss, and harm their clients and themselves

what tough exterior layer of the hair has a purpose of surrounding the inner layers and protecting the hair from damage?

which layer of the hair is located directly beneath the cuticle layer and is responsible for the incredible strength and elasticity of human hair?

the term pH is an abbreviation used for potential _____, and the symbol pH represents the quantity of ___ ions in solution

hydrogen; hydrogen

the ____ measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substances by measuring the quantity of hydrogen ions it contains

the range of numbers used in the pH scale is ____

which chemical bonds, also known as end bonds, join amino acids together, end-to-end in long chains, to form a polypeptide chain?

what are long, coiled polypeptide chains lined together end-to-end like beads?

the cortex of the hair is made up of millions of polypeptide chains cross-linked by three types of side bonds that are responsible for the elasticity an strength of the hair. these bonds are _____

disulfide, salt, and hydrogen

what chemical side bonds are formed when two sulfur-type chains are joined together?

disulfide bonds

which bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds resulting from an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges, an dare easily broken by changes in pH?

hydrogen bonds are weak physical side bonds that result from an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges and are easily broken by water or heat, but reform as the hair is ____

_____ is a two-step process in which the hair first undergoes a physical change caused by wrapping the hair on perm rods, and then a chemical change caused by the application of permanent waving solution and neutralizer

permanent waving

what determines the size of the curl in a permanent waving process?

the size of the rod

in permanent waving, the shape and type of curl are determined by the shape and type of rod and the ____

wrapping method

once in the cortex, the waving solution breaks the disulfide bonds through a chemical reaction called _____

in permanent waving, the reduction reaction is due to the addition of _____

what are the most common reducing agents used in permanent waving?

thioglycolic acids

the _____ of the permanent waving solution is determined primarily by the concentration of the reducing agent, or thio

the active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanent waves is _____

ammonium thioglycolate

most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between _____

what is the main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions?

glyceryl monthioglycolate

modern acid waves are actually ____ waves, which are permanent waves that have a 7.0 or neutral pH

exothermic waves create a chemical reaction that heats the waving solution and speeds up ___

waves that are activated from an outside hear source, such as a conventional hood-type hair dryer, are ____

____ waves are perms using an ingredient that does not evaporate as readily as ammonia, so that there is very little odor associated with their use

It is important for stylist to remember that ammonia free does not necessarily mean ___

What weaving solution use an ingredient other than ATG, such as cysteamine or mercaptamine, at the primary reducing agent?

Here that has too many broken disulfide bonds and will not hold a firm curl is considered ____

Overprocessed hair that is further process will become _____ and cause further damage, including brake it

What is the most common type of perm rod?

What prim rods are equal in diameter along the entire length or curling area?

What soft foam perm rods are usually about 12 inches (30.5 centimeters) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod?

Soft bender rods

The ___ is a perm wrap in which one and paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped, providing the most control of the hair ends

Double flat wrap

The ____ uses holy one and paper, placed over the top of the hair strand

The ____ use this one and paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope

All perm wraps begin by sectioning the hair into ____

In permanent waving, panels of hair divided into smaller subsections called _____

_____ refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section and is determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped

Caution should be used with on-base rod placement to avoid additional _____

stress and tension on hair

_____ minimize stress and tension on the hair

half off-base placement

The two methods of wrap in the hair around a perm rod are_____

Croquignole and spiral

In the croquignole method of wrapping, the hair is wound from the _____ an overlapping concentric layers

Ends to the scalp

In a ____, the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod which causes the hair to spiral along the length of the rod

Spiral perm wrap

What is another name for a double-rod wrap technique?

_____, often found in home haircoloring products, leave a coating on the hair that may cause uneven curls, severe discoloration, or hair breakage

What is the process of rearranging the basic structure of curly hair into a straighter or smoother form?

Chemical hair relaxing

____ is the measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid that affects how the fluid flows

____ combines the use of this relaxer with flat ironing

Japanese thermal straighteners

Hair that is treated with hydroxide relaxers must not be treated with ____

Hydroxide relaxers remove a sulfur atom from the sulfide bonds, converting it into a(n) __

Lanthionine bond

Which relaxer contains only one component and is used without mixing?

metal hydroxide relaxers

Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called ____

Relaxers that contain two components and must be mixed immediately prior to use are ___

guanidine hydroxide relaxers

The difference in strength of most chemical hair relaxers is determined by the concentration of ____

During a relaxer strand test, hair that is pressed to the scalp and continues to curl is ___

insufficiently relaxed

Which conditioner contains an acidic pH that restores the hair's natural pH and should be used after a hydroxide relaxer?

Normalizing lotion

Keratin straightening treatments work by _____ in a semi-permanent manner

fixing the keratin in place

A combination of a thio relaxer and a thio permanent wrapped on large rods is a ____

soft curl permanent

Where should you start the application of the chemical relaxer, often consider the most resistant area?

Back of the head

Clients who have their hair colored usually visit the salon every ____ weeks

___ is a professional, industry-coined term referring to artificial hair coloring products and services

The ___ of the clans hair and the desired result determined which hair color to use

The natural coloring pigment found in the cortex layer of the hair is ___

Hair texture is determined by the diameter of individual hair ____

Find hair takes color faster and can look darker because the melanin granules are grouped _____

The hair type with a larger diameter that can take longer to process hair color is _____

Coarse-textured hair

The ability of hair to absorb moisture is known as ___

When the cuticle is tight and the hair is resistant, it is difficult for moisture or chemicals to penetrate. What term describes this condition?

When the cuticle is slightly raised and the hair is normal and processes in an average amount of time, the hair would be sad to have ____

Average porosity

When the cuticle is lifted and the hair is overly porous and takes clair quickly, the hair would be said to have ____

To test for porosity, take several strands from four different areas of the head: the front hairline, the temple, the crown, and the _____

What type of melanin gives black and brown color to the hair?

What type of melanin gives blonde and red colors to the hair?

Contributing pigment, also known as _____, is the varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process

The system used by colorist to analyze the lightness or darkness of a hair color is ____

The darkest hair colors in the level system are identified as Bina a level___, while the lightest hair colors in the level system are ____

What is one of the most valuable tools for identifying the natural level in the hair?

_____ is described as a property of objects that depends on the light they reflect and is perceived (by the human eye) as red, yellow, blue, or other shades

The system is for understanding color relationships is the ___

Fundamental or pure colors that cannot be achieved from mixtures are known as ___

Colors with a predominance of blue are ____ colors, where is colors of the pre-dominance of red and/or a yellow are _____ colors