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Juvenile Delinquency ch01

Terms in this set (29)

In colonial America, what law permitted a youth to be put to death if he or she could not be controlled by his or her parents?
Massachusetts Stubborn Child Law
Nineteenth-century reformers who developed programs for troubled youth and influenced legislation creating the juvenile justice system in the United States were referred to as:
Child Savers
Recent studies have indicated that as a result of deinstitutionalization, children who can no longer be detained are being relabeled as delinquent offenders in order to house the youth in secure facilities.
True
What was the primary method of punishment used by teachers to discipline students for academic mistakes and moral lapses during the 17th and 18th centuries?
Flogging
What philosophical viewpoint encourages the state to take control of wayward children and provide care, custody, and treatment to remedy delinquent behavior?
Best interests of the child
Early English jurisprudence held that children under the age of 6 were legally incapable of committing crimes.
False
Some states grant the juvenile court judge discretion to substitute a status offense for a delinquency charge.
True
Voluntary apprentices were bound out by parents or guardians who wished to secure training for their children.
True
The study of juvenile delinquency involves a variety of social problems faced by youth; it does not extend to the analysis of the various components of the justice system such as law enforcement.
False
What legal doctrine was enacted to alleviate the problems of child labor in the early nineteenth century by limiting the hours children were permitted to work as well as the age at which they could begin to work?
Factory Act
The early legal term used to describe status offenders was:
Wayward minors
One way jurisdictions have attempted to maintain greater control over wayward youth has been the implementation of what type of laws?
Curfew
How does the government define poverty?
$24,000 a year for a family of four
Based on current social mechanisms that have been put in place over the last decade, child poverty in the United States no longer has a long-lasting negative effect on children's cognitive achievement, educational attainment, and overall physical and mental health.
False
What term is used to describe the reduction in frequency of a youth's offending?
Aging-out process
Which of the following best defines the term "waiver"?
The transferring of legal jurisdiction of juveniles from the juvenile to the adult court
Under parens patriae delinquent acts are not considered criminal violations.
True
The effects on children's cognitive achievement, educational attainment, nutrition, physical and mental health, and social behavior due to poverty are limited.
False
Today, what term is used to describe the legal status of a minor child who has been found to have violated the penal code?
Juvenile delinquents
According to Erik Erikson, what is formed when a person develops a firm sense of self?
Ego identity
The historical period that ushered in a new age for children and their families is referred to as:
Enlightenment
What is the single most effective preventive strategy against adult poverty?
Graduate from high school
Today's youths appear to be drinking less alcohol and taking fewer drugs when compared to previous generations.
True
The Factory Act sought to formally limit the number of hours children were permitted to work, but did nothing to address school attendance.
False
Which doctrine are delinquent acts not considered criminal violations nor are delinquents considered criminals?
Parens patriae
It was reported that nationwide teenage birthrates have declined substantially during the past decade. Which group has seen the largest decline?
African American girls
The practice of setting up a fictitious online profile, most often for the purpose of luring another into a fraudulent romantic relationship.
Catfishing
What Supreme Court case provided the possibility of parole for a youth under the age of 18?
Miller v. Alabama
As soon as they were physically able to do so, children of peasants were expected to engage in adult roles
True
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