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Cellular Energetics: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Terms in this set (17)

metabolism
the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials
autotroph
An organism that makes its own food (producer)
heterotroph
organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer
Photosynthesis
process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
chloroplast
organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
pigments
light absorbing molecules
chlorophyll
Green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis
carotenoid
An accessory pigment, either yellow or orange, in the chloroplasts of plants
Thylakoid
disc-shaped, membrane-bound structure inside a chloroplast where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place
stroma
the area outside of the thylakoids in the chloroplasts, where the light independent reactions take place.
cellular respiration
a process that releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon-based
molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present.
aerobic
Process that requires oxygen
glycolysis
first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid
anaerobic
Process that does not require oxygen
fermentation
A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain, producing ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.
lactic acid
product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells
ethanol
Alcohol made by converting starches and sugars from plant material into alcohol and CO2.
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