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World History, Chapter 20

Terms in this set (18)

Christopher Columbus
sailed west across the Atlantic, seeking an alternate route to Asia
colonies
lands that are controlled by another nation
Hernando Cortes
conquistador who led a force that defeated the Aztecs in present day Mexico
conquistadors
Spanish conquerors, they claimed new lands for Spain
Francisco Pizarro
conquistador who led a force that defeated the Incan Empire in present day South America
Atahualpa
leader of the Incan Empire, was kidnapped and killed by the Spanish
mestizo
a mixed Spanish and Native American population resulting from relationships between Spanish settlers and native women
encomienda
a system in which Spanish landlords received permission from the king of Spain to use native labor in the new world; natives were coerced to work within this system of labor
French and Indian War
a war between the British and the French, fought in North America
Atlantic slave trade
the buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas
triangular trade
the transatlantic trade network--a network of trade routes crisscrossing the northern and southern colonies, the West Indies, England, Europe, and Africa
middle passage
the voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies, and later North and South America; considered the middle leg of the transatlantic triangular trade
Columbian Exchange
the global transfer of foods, plants and animals during the colonization of the Americas
capitalism
one aspect of the European economic revolution; a system based on private ownership and the investment of resources, such as money, for profit
joint-stock company
a number of people combining their money for a common purpose, much like the modern-day corporation; investors buy shares of stock in a company;
mercantilism
an economic theory; goal of nations is to acquire as much wealth as possible; ultimate goal is for a country to not be dependent on any other countries for goods
favorable balance of trade
a country wants to sell more goods than it buys; key component in mercantilism
Montezuma II
aztec emperor, convinced at first that Cortes was a god wearing armor
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