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What causes birthrates to decline?
a. Families require fewer births to reach their preferred number of children, or "target family size."
b. Population growth rates are typically low
c. Birthrates are high in traditional societies
d. Population is in a precarious balance
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Terms in this set (34)
What causes birthrates to decline?
a. Families require fewer births to reach their preferred number of children, or "target family size."
b. Population growth rates are typically low
c. Birthrates are high in traditional societies
d. Population is in a precarious balance
a. Families require fewer births to reach their preferred number of children, or "target family size."
What is not one of the distinct effects the demographic dividend has on economic growth?
a. Mechanical effect
b. Income effect
c. Savings effect
d. Human capital effect
b. Income effect
What are the effects on economic growth of demographic dividend.
a. Mechanical effect
b. Savings effect
c. Human capital effect
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
What might have caused the 30 million excess deaths between 1957-1962?
a. War
b. Starvation
c. Selective birth rates
d. None of the above
b. Starvation
Which of the following is a reason for China's life expectancy growth from 1950 to 1966
a. Focus on public health, preventative medicine and midwives
b. Sanitation improvements such as clean drinking water
c. Vaccination programs
d. Pest control programs
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
In 1963, China's birthrate reached its peak at about 50 per 1,000. What is the reason behind of it?
a. Rural households realized they need more children to help them with farming.
b. Government provided incentives and rewards to encourage more births.
c. The Great Chinese Famine between 1959 and 1961 caused the households to postpone births.
d. Households decided to have more children before the implementation of one-child policy.
c. The Great Chinese Famine between 1959 and 1961 caused the households to postpone births.
The Chinese government launched its first all-out family planning initiative in 1971. What is the name of this policy?
(a) wan-xi-shao
(b) hukou system
(c) primary income distribution
(d) none of the above
(a) wan-xi-shao
Which of the following about the Chinese One-Child Policy is not true?
a. The policy lasted for 35 years
b. After 1984, policies laxed and could have been considered the
"one-and-a-half-child-policy"
c. Locals officials were subject to top-down pressures to control births
d. While there was pressure from enforcement to not give birth to multiple children, there were not tangible punishments
d. While there was pressure from enforcement to not give birth to multiple children, there were not tangible punishments
What is one reason that there would be a higher number of children ages 10-12 than recorded on the census?
a. Because of parents underreporting births
b. The censes data was controlled by the government and they changed the data
c. The testing was flawed
d. The census data collection isn't standardized across the country
a. Because of parents underreporting births
What was the most important and unanticipated impact of the one child policy?
a. Fertility Rates
b. Abortion rules
c. Birth Planning agency
d. Unbalanced sex ratio
d. Unbalanced sex ratio
Based on the density of different age groups about to enter and leave the workforce, China's future workforce will be: A. Decline, due to the decreased population growth due Chinese going abroad B. Growing, due to the greater number of young workers C. Growing, due to the baby-boomer generations entering the workforce D. Declining, due to decreased birth rates and retiring of the baby-boomersD. Declining, due to decreased birth rates and retiring of the baby-boomersWhat is not typical of an age pyramid of a population in a poor economy? a. birthrates are low b. death rates are high c. The pyramid narrows steadily at the top d. The base is broada. birthrates are lowChina's 1953 age pyramid is typical of a population in a poor economy in which: a. both birthrates and death rates are high b. both birthrates and death rates are low c. birthrates are low and death rates are high d. birthrates are high and death rates are lowa. both birthrates and death rates are highWhat is one area of uncertainty regarding the impact the population trend of China? a. Rural to Urban Migration b. Change in fertility rates c. Relaxing the one child policy d. Change in mortality ratesc. Relaxing the one child policyIn 2014-2015, ____ couples became newly eligible to have a second child, but only ____ registered their intention to do so. a. 13 million, 2% b. 36 million, 7% c. 11 million, 6% d. 15 million, 8%c. 11 million, 6%What age is China's mandatory retirement age for men? a. 63 b. 60 c. 80 d. 91b. 60Which of the following was NOT an example of the income periods rural people experienced in China from 1978 to 2015. a. Extremely rapid growth due to the unexpected levels of success of agricultural reforms. b. Slow growth that lagged behind the urban area, leaving the rural residences "in the dust" so to speak c. A second wind rapid growth period in recent years that has been higher than income growth in urban areas d. Decreasing rural income which is to say negative growth while the urban areas continued to increase incomesd. Decreasing rural income which is to say negative growth while the urban areas continued to increase incomesIn 2009 what was the percentage of growth of the rural community? a. 3% b. 29% c. 10% d. 40%c. 10%With the significant differences between urban and rural areas in the way income is measured and differenced over time in how in-kind incomes and imputed rents from owner occupied housing which are elevated which caused problems such as: A. Limit Comparability B. Overstate the growth rate of rural incomes in earlier periods C. Overstate the growth of urban and rural in other periods D. All the aboveD. All the aboveWhat isn't one of the important policy-related factors that facilitated the positive impact of economic growth on reducing poverty? a. The dramatic increase in off-farm jobs and out-migration helped poor families. b. Poor farmers have benefited from the shift in government agricultural policies since 2003 c. Government welfare spending reaches the poor to a certain extent d. Human capital increased for farmers due to migration.d. Human capital increased for farmers due to migration.The _________ has the underlying idea that if 50% of expenditure was used for food, this level of income could purchase sufficient calories for subsistence. a. Draconian poverty line b. "Dollar-a-day" poverty line c. Long term poverty line d. Initial poverty lineb. "Dollar-a-day" poverty lineA near-doubling of the poverty line caused a six-fold ____ in the number of ____ a. Increase, rich b. Increase, poor c. Decrease, rich d. Decrease, poorb. Increase, poorWhich of the following is part of the three important policy-related factors that facilitated the positive impact of economic growth on reducing poverty? a. the dramatic increase in off-farm jobs and out-migration b. the shift in government agricultural policies c. income support rolling out to rural areas d. all of the aboved. all of the aboveWhat was the result of the rural reforms in the late 1970s and early 1980s? a. Narrowed the urban-rural gap b. Increased crop yield c. Allowed easier access to migrate to costal regions d. Increased literacy rates.a. Narrowed the urban-rural gapWhat country has a higher GINI score than China? a. Mexico b. Thailand c. Brazil d. Indiac. BrazilUsing more recent data on PPP (Purchasing Power Parity), the World Bank has determined that $1 a day is no longer the baseline for poverty, but rather: a. $3.00 a day b. $1.10 a day c. $1.90 a day d. $3.30 a dayc. $1.90 a dayOne of the analyses suggested that China was actually less egalitarian in the 1980s than it was portrayed by the conventional statistics. This is because the conventional statistics did not consider some of the factors. Which of the following is NOT one of them? a. Urban dwellers enjoyed a large subsidy income. b. The implicit value of ration coupons were provided free of charge to the urban dwellers. c. Urban dwellers benefited from significant housing subsidies. d. Pension funds were guaranteed to urban dwellers.d. Pension funds were guaranteed to urban dwellers.Which of the following is not a Physical Quality of Life Indicator(PQLI) used to measure the quality of living standards of the Chinese population? A. Life expectancy at birth B. Safety provided by the government C. Education D. Human development indexB. Safety provided by the governmentChina's life expectancy is relatively ____. (10.4) (a) Low (b) High (c) Average (d) None of the above.(b) HighFrom 1978-1985, was annual growth fell by __%, and Urban Incomes grew more significantly and rapidly by ___% a. 5%, and 7.4% b. 10%, and 12% c. 12%, and 14% d. 15%, and 17%a. 5%, and 7.4%Which constituent of physical quality of life could be considered the most important? a. Infant mortality b. Human development Index c. Life expectancy at birth d. None of the abovec. Life expectancy at birthWhat is the most important single factor in Chinese inequality? a. Urban-rural divide b. Climate change c. Lack of social security d. Increasing cost of livinga. Urban-rural divideIn 2016, what was China's Gini coefficient? a. 0.333 b. 0.989 c. 0.137 d. 0.465d. 0.465What indicator reflects a weighted average of life expectancy, literacy and school enrollment, and price-adjusted purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP per capita? a. Life Expectancy at Birth b. Infant mortality c. Literacy rates d. Human Development Indexd. Human Development Index