Notes part 1

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axis powers ww1
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Terms in this set (18)
axis powers ww1
Germany, Ottoman Empire
allied powers ww1
england france russia us
Axis powers ww2
germany italy japan
allied powers ww2
england france russia us
what treaty ended ww1? year was it signed?
Treaty of versaillies 1919
7 terms of the treaty of versaillies
1. Germany lost a great deal of land (Alsace Lorraine back to France)
2. Germany had to admit to the world that they started the war
3. Germany had to pay for the cost of war reparations (repairs)
4. Germany had to turn over their best military leaders as war criminals
5. Germany had to cut army to <100,000 and no new recruits
6. Germany could not build any new war machinery (planes, tanks, guns, bombs)
7. Allied soldier could occupy Gerany for 10-15 years
4. Out of the mass political confusion in Germany after WWI, what small political party gained strength and eventually came to power?__________. How was this accomplished?
NAZI PARTY

1. Mass political chaos: No one party could gain strength
2. Lots of small parties w/no power fighting for political control

Out of this chaos, a young, bold, authoritative figure named Adolf Hitler was able to emerge as the front leader by:

*Bargaining with other smaller parties (coalitions)

*Creating a new national pride

*Blaming Jews for Germany's economic problems (made them Scapegoats)

*Promising to bring Germany back to former glory by creating the Third Reich

*Promising jobs, food, power, pride, respect

**Creating coalitions until he had a majority.
5. Who became the leader of the Nazi party? What year?
5. Who became the leader of the Nazi party? What year?
Chancellor of Germany -A dictator with complete control
7. How did Hitler and the Nazis violate the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
1. Increased army
2. Built war machinery
3. Reclaimed land (Alsace Lorraine and Austria)
4. Defaulted on payments
8. Why wasn't Hitler stopped?
*1930's Great Depression

*NOBODY wanted another war. Still recovering from WWI

*Didn't believe Hitler was a major threat

*Each country thought another country should stop him.
They'd each promise to check it out, but didn't follow through

*The US was firm and said "NO WAY". We did not get involved with troop support until attacked by Japan.
9. What were the Nuremburg Laws? When were they established and what did they give Hitler power to do?The Nuremburg Laws made it official German Policy to persecute the Jews (Anti-Semitism). It was now legal and accepted German practice. They were established in 1935. *Jews could not own cars *Jews had to register and declare themselves as Jews *Jews had to live and work together *Jews could only shop at Jewish establishments *Jews had separate schools, stores, theaters, parks, etc. *Jews could be arrested for any perceived violation. NOTE: As early as 1933, Hitler was building concentration/prison camps all over Germany in anticipation of these arrests.10. What does Kristalnacht mean? When did it occur? What happened? Describe the plan Hitler's men used."The Night of the Broken Glass" November 9-10, 1938 It was a carefully planned (by Hitler) operation of anti-Jewish rioting all over Germany: *7,500 stores windows smashed and business looted *191 Synagogues looted and burned *300,000 Jews arrested and sent to jails and ghettos which were set up as holding centers till they could be shipped to concentration/prison camps. Anyone who resisted was shot. *This was the beginning of big trouble for the Jews11. What does Blitzkrieg mean? How did Hitler put it to use?Lightening War" *Hitler's armies would surround countries then attack from all directions at once: Land, air, sea, etc. *Countries were often small and unprepared and either surrendered immediately or lost in an attempt to fight.12. List the first 5 major countries Hitler conquered from 1938-1940.1. Austria ('reclaimed and occupied") 2. Czechoslovakia 3. Poland (1939 Marks the beginning of WWII as England and France declare war.) 4. Holland/Netherlands 5. France NOTE: There were many more, but these were the biggies. Hitler was on a roll in 1939-1940 conquering 10 countries which accounted for nearly all of Europe and North Africa in just a year's time.13. When did France and England declare war on Germany?When Germany invaded Poland in 1939, England and France declared war.14. What was the Non-Aggression Pact? Who signed it and what did it do for Hitler?*Hitler made a bargain with Russia not to attack each other. Hitler did not want to fight a war on two fronts (Russia borders Poland to the east). He had his hands full fighting Germany and England to the west. *This was a trick to buy time. Hitler broke the pact when he was ready and invaded Russia in August of 1939. This marks Russia joining in on the side of the Allied Forces.15. What happened on December 7, 1941? What did this cause?Japan bombs US fleet @ Pearl Harbor in Hawaii *United States enters WWII as an Allied Power.17. When did Germany surrender? Japan?Germany—May 8th, 1945 (Victory in Europe Day: VE Day) Japan—September 2nd 1945 (Victory in Japan Day: VJ Day)