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Integument & Oral mucous membrane

Terms in this set (113)

Skin is consisted of 2 layers:
epidermis
dermis
______________ cells predominate Epidermis
Keratinocytes
_____________ layer of skin is NOT vascularized
Epidermis
Name all 5 layers of Epidermis (from apical to basal)
Stratum corneum
(Stratum lucidum)
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
What shaped cells are Stratum basale?
-Columnar or Cuboidal
-single layer
_______________ layer of epidermis makes Keratin
Stratum basale
There are ______________ junction at the basal surface of Stratum basale ;

There are ______________ junction at the LATERAL surfaces of Stratum basale
Hemi-desmosomes

Desmosomes
_______________ layer of epidermis contains Mitotic cells
Stratum Basale
______________ layer of epidermis contains abundant desmosomes that anchor neighboring cells
Stratum spinosum
_____________ layer of epidermis start making lamellar granules
Stratum spinosum
_____ layer makes different intermediate keratin filaments
stratum spinosum
_____________ layer of epidermis produce filaggrin
Stratum granulosum

(Filaggrin=aggregating protein & filament-associated protein that binds to keratin ... present in the keratohyalin granules)
Keratohyaline granules
-Protein aggregates that contribute to integrity of our skin
-composed primarily of Filaggrin-keratin
-Produced by Stratum granulosum
_____________ layer of epidermis contains keratohyaline granules
Stratum granulosum
Keratinization starts from _______________ layer
Mitotic division starts in _______________ layer
Stratum granulosum

Stratum basale
_____________ layer of epidermis starts making/ produces Lamellar granules

_____________ layer of epidermis RELEASE lamellar granules by exocytosis
Stratum spinosum

Stratum granulosum
_______________ process contributes to waterproofing effect on epidermis
Exocytosis & Release of Lamellar granules by stratum granulosum
In _____________ layer of epidermis, cells become flatter & outer layer cells degenerate
Stratum granulosum
______________ layer of epidermis is only present in thick/hairless skin
Stratum lucidum
In ______________ layer of epidermis, Nuclei and organelles are GONE
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
Being keratinized means :
No nuclei (histologically);
mass of filaggrin w/ keratin fibrils surrounded by plasma membrane
Slough top layer of Stratum corneum is called:
desquamate
____________ is the major cell type of Epidermis
Keratinocytes
Keratins are a family of genes that produce _______________ proteins of cytoskeleton
Intermediate filaments
A bundle keratin filament is _____________
(present in desmosomes and hemidesmosomes)
Tonofibril
____________ are situated between keratinocytes
Melanocytes
T/F: there are fewer melanocytes than keratinocytes
true
What does the cytoplasm of melanocytes look like?
pale staining cytoplasm
Melanocytes are derived from:
Neural crest cells
Label the histology slide
M= melanocytes
(white clear patch around)
what layer can you find Melanocytes in?
Stratum basale
(Cell processes extend into spinosum layer)
The process of Melanosomes being transported along cytoplasmic processes of melanocytes and transferred to supranuclear position is called:
Cytocrine secretion
Melanocytes transfer melanosomes to keratinocytes by way of _______________
Cytocrine secretion
Melanin biosynthesis occurs in _____________ organelle present in melanocytes
Melanosome
Mechanism of keratinocytes to protect our skin from DNA damage by UV:
Melanocytes transfer Melanin (organelle that transport and produce melanin) --> Exocytosis --> Keratinocytes take up these granules by phagocytosis --> move melanosomes to Supranuclear position --> pigment generation in skin (e.g. freckles)
Langerhans cells are found in _______________ layer of epidermis
Stratum spinosum
Langerhans cells are derived from _____________
Monocytes
Function of langerhans cells:
antigen-presenting dendritic cells
(Adative immunity - produce immune response to Antigens)
________________ are the mechanoreceptors for light touch in epidermis
Merkel's cells
2 Sensory receptors in epidermis:
Merkel cells
Free nerve endings
Merkel's cells are found in _______________ layer of epidermis
Stratum basale
Free nerve endings are found in ______________ layer of skin
Papillary dermis ~ lower epidermis
_____________ are the only cells that lack melanosomes in stratum basale layer
Merkel's cells
Free nerve endings detect ________________ sensations
temperature
pain
itching
touch
Hair is a (epithelia/dermal) structure
EPITHELIAL
Free nerve ending myelinated or not?
-Myelinated in dermis
-Nonmyelinated in epidermis
2 layers of Dermis
1. Papillary layer
2. Reticular layer
List all encapsulated nerve endings
Meissner's corpuscle
pacinian corpuscle
(and Ruffini corpuscle)
Papillary layer of dermis consisted of ____________ (type of CT);
Reticular layer of dermis consisted of ____________ (type of CT)
Papillary - LOOSE CT (more cells + fewer fibers)

Reticular - DENSE irregular CT
(Fewer cells + more fibers)
Common features of Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscle
-have axons of DRG cell
-thin flat Schwann cells
-connective tissue capsule (hence called "corpuscle")
Label the blue arrow & Red arrow :
Red arrow - Rete pegs (epidermal ridge) of epidermis

Blue arrow - Dermal papillae
Meissner's corpuscle can be found in _____________ layer of skin ;

Pacinian corpuscle can be found in _____________ layer of skin
papillary layer of dermis
(specifically in dermal papillae)

Reticular layer of dermis and hypodermis
SKIN primarily subdivided into:
Epidermis + Dermis
(NOT Hypodermis --> Hypodermis is NOT part of skin)
The squiggly lines inside Meissner's corpuscle is _________________.
Spiraling axons of dorsal root ganglion cell
Hypodermis is also called:
-Subcutaneous layer
-superficial fascia
Meissner's corpuscle responds to:

Pacinian corpuscle responds to:
Light touch ;

Deep pressure & Vibration
3 major structures of Hypodermis layer:
loose connective tissue (Areolar CT)
Adipose tissue
vasculature (arteries/veins)
Hair root is found in ______________ layer of skin
Hypodermis
Label the layers in Cross section of hair follicle
-root in hypodermis
- epidermal root sheath in epidermal tissue
- dermal root sheath in CT
- Arrector pili muscle = smooth muscle
Mode of secretion for Sebaceous glands:
Holocrine secretion
(whole cells apoptose --> whole cells Released ; cells disintegrated)
Where are sebaceous glands found?
adjacent to the hair follicle
2 types of Sweat glands and their locations:
Eccrine:
-widely distributed

Apocrine:
-Armpit, pubic, perianal region
Mode of secretion for Eccrine and Apocrine sweat glands:
BOTH Merocrine secretion
Structural classification of sebaceous glands:
Lobular shape with branched acini
Structural classification of Eccrine sweat glands:
simple coiled tubular gland
(simple= 1 duct)
Eccrine sweat glands are found at _______________ layer of skin
BETWEEN Dermis and hypodermis
One of the important function of Sweat gland duct is ________________
absorbing sodium (Na+) during sweat secretion
What type of epithelium is at the vermillion?
thin, keratinized epithelium with few sebaceous glands
Describe the vermillion zone:
- no sweat glands or hair
- numerous blood vessels near the surface
- maybe parakeratinized next to labial mucosa
3 layers that make up Skin vs. Oral mucosa
Skin - Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous/hypodermis

Epidermis - Epithelium, Lamina propria, submucosa
Comparison of composition of Skin vs. Oral mucosa
*Epithelium in Oral mucosa contains NONkeratinized epithelium.
*seromucous/mucous glands are in Submucosal layer in oral mucosa
label components of Human labial mucosa
Stratum granulosum w/ keratohyaline granules can be found only in ______________ epithelium in Oral mucosa
Orthokeratinized epithelium
Orthokeratinized epithelium
vs.
Parakeratinized epithelium
vs.
Non-keratinized epithelium
Orthokeratinized - Nuclei completely lost in surface layer; Keratohyaline granules visible in granular layer (black pigments in granulosum)

Parakeratinized - surface layer still retains nuclei, but they are "pyknotic nuclei" - shrunken in size

Non-keratinized - Nuclei retained in surface layer; NOT as compacted as other epithelium
Name the type of tissue:
Orthokeratinized oral mucosal epithelium

(keratohyaline granules + no nuclei in surface layer)
Name the type of tissue:
Parakeratinized oral mucosal epithelium

(pyknotic nuclei on surface layer)
Name the type of tissue:
Non-keratinized oral mucosal epithelium

(surface layer retains the round nuclei)
Compare the layer of skin epithelium vs. oral mucosa epithelium
"stratum corneum" in skin epithelium is equivalent to " _______________" in oral epithelium
Stratum superficiale
Name all cells that are present in both skin and oral mucosa:
-Langerhans cells
-Melanocytes
-Merkel cells
-Free nerve endings
-Meissner corpuscles
3 types of mucosa in oral cavity:
1. Lining mucosa
2. Masticatory mucosa
3. Specialized mucosa
Characteristics of Lips and Cheeks mucosa:
-Epithelium:
-Lamina propria:
-Submucosa
Thick stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

Thin + vascular lamina propria

Submucosa - Seromucous glands attached firmly with dense collagen bundles
Characteristics of Inferior surface of tongue & Frenulum mucosa:
-Epithelium:
-Lamina propria:
-Submucosa
* NO GLANDS HERE*
THIN stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

Thin + contains elastic fibers lamina propria

Submucosa - no glands; thin & irregular, may be absent.
_______________ type of oral mucosa has seromucous glands embedded in connective tissue/Submucosal layer
Lips and Cheeks
_______________ type of oral mucosa has some elastic fibers in lamina propria layer
-Inferior surface of tongue & Frenulum ;
-Alveolar mucosa
_______________ type of oral mucosa has scant connective tissue or may have submucosa absent in some places
Inferior surface of tongue & Frenulum
Characteristics of Alveolar mucosa:
-Epithelium:
-Lamina propria:
-Submucosa
THIN stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

Thin + lots of elastic fibers lamina propria

Submucosa - Loose CT with thick elastic fibers connected to periosteum
_______________ type of oral mucosa has Loose CT
-Vestibular fornix
-Alveolar mucosa
_______________ type of oral mucosa has THICK epithelium
lips and cheeks
Characteristics of Floor of mouth mucosa:
-Epithelium:
-Lamina propria:
-Submucosa
VERY THIN stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

Thin + vascular w/ anastomosing capillary loops lamina propria

Submucosa - Loose fibrous tissue w/ fat and sublingual glands
Characteristics of Soft palate mucosa:
-Epithelium:
-Lamina propria:
-Submucosa
stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

THICK + elastic + vascular lamina propria

Submucosa - numerous mucous glands
_______________ type of oral mucosa contain GLANDS in submucosal layer
-Soft palate
-Floor of mouth
-Lips and cheeks
Characteristics of Hard palate mucosa:
-Epithelium:
-Lamina propria:
-Submucosa
orthokeratinized epithelium (occasional parakeratinized)

lamina propria- long paillae w/ thick dense collagen fibers

Submucosa - consists of 3 zones
Gingiva extends from ______________ to ________________
mucogingival junction --> Free gingival groove
Gingiva is a ________________ type of oral mucosa
Masticatory Mucosa
Characteristics of Attached Gingiva & Free gingiva mucosa:
-Epithelium:
-Lamina propria:
-Submucosa
THICK ortho- & parakeratinized epithelium

lamina propria- dense collagen bundles; LONG PAPILLAE

Submucosa - no distinct layer; more dense collagen bundles of gingival ligament
_____________ type of oral mucosa have dense collagen bundles in lamina propria layer
-Lips and cheeks
-Masticatory mucosa (hard palate, gingiva)
Characteristics of Sulcular Gingiva mucosa:
-Epithelium:
-Lamina propria:
-Submucosa
THIN epithelium

lamina propria- MINIMAL PAPILLAE

Submucosa - no distinct layer
_______________ layer of mucosa in Fungiform papillae may be divided into several secondary papillae
Lamina propria
In circumvallate papillae, the tastebuds are located on _____________

In Fungiform papillae, the tastebuds are located on _____________

In Foliate papillae, the tastebuds are located on _____________
Circumvallate - on the SIDES

Fungiform - SUPERIOR surface of the DOME

Foliate - on the lateral SIDES
Von Ebner glands are (serous/mucous)

Tonsillar glands are (serous/mucous)
Serous;

Mucous
Mucogingival junction divides ______________ from _______________
Alveolar mucosa
Masticatory mucosa
Our skin would be categorized as (orthokeratinized/parakeratinized)
Orthokeratinized
Label the layer :
Lamina propria
This is a cross section of _____________ type of oral mucosa
Lining mucosa of Lip and cheek
(thick epithelium)
Which part of oral mucosa?
Vestibular fornix
(loose connective tissue & no glands )
Which part of oral mucosa?
Inferior surface of the tongue
(thin epithelium, scant connective tissue, muscle layer - tongue )
Which part of oral mucosa?
Alveolar mucosa
(loose CT attached to periosteum; below the region w/ TALL papillae)
_____________ type of oral mucosa contains FAT
-Floor of mouth
-hard palate
In a histology slide of oral mucosa, how do you distinguish lamina propria from submucosa?
Submucosal layer will have the glandular tissue representing salivary glands
Histological difference between alveolar mucosa vs. gingival mucosa
Gingival mucosa - more mobile --> looser CT & shallower invaginations
Dentogingival junction is composed of ________________ + ________________
-Sulcular epithelium
-Junctional epithelium
Junctional epithelium has _________________ layers on both ends
Internal basal lamina making tight junction w/ ENAMEL

External basal lamina making tight junction w/ Lamina propria CT.
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