Physics Quarter 2 Test

An arrow in a bow has 70 J of potential energy. Assuming no loss of energy to heat, how much kinetic energy will it have after it has been shot?70 JTo observe the kinetic energy of an object, one must look at _________.its motionWhich of the following is NOT true about a pendulum as it swings back and forth?At the end points of its swing, the pendulum possesses only potential energyA 10 kg object sits on a table top 1 m from the ground. Which of the following best represents the potential energy possessed by the object?100 jPotential energy is the energy an object has because of its ________.positionHow long will it take a 400 W engine to lift a 100 N object up to a height of 80 m?20 sA 6 kg object moves at 2 m/s. Its kinetic energy is _______.12 JA car company has designed three engines. Based on the energy information provided below, which of these engines is most efficient? Engine X - Input of 100 j and an output of 40 j Engine Y - Input of 200 j and an output of 60 j Engine Z - Input of 400 j and an output of 80 jEngine XAn object is dropped from a rooftop and encounters no air resistance as it falls. Compared to the energy possessed in the object the moment after it was dropped, how much energy will it have the moment before it strikes the ground?The same energyIf 60 j of work is performed to lift an object with a mass of 2 kg, what is the maximum height that the object can achieve?3 mWhich has greater linear speed, a horse near the outside rail of a merry-go-round or a horse near the inside rail?The outside horseThe speed of something moving along a circular path can be called _____________________ because the direction of motion is always tangent to the circle.tangential speedWhere on Earth's surface can a person stand so that the rotation of the Earth causes them to weigh less?At the equator, where the rotational velocity is greatestA car travels in a circle with constant speed. The net force on the car ________.is directed inward, toward the center of the circleA tin can whirled on the end of a string moves in a circle because ________.there is an inward force acting on the canA straight line about which rotation takes place is called _________.an axisWhich of the following is NOT a unit of rotational speed?Meters per secondIf you whirl a tin can on the end of a string and the string suddenly breaks, the can will ________.fly in a straight line, tangent to its circular path.As the rotational speed of a space habitat increases, the weight of people inside ________.increasesTwo students ride a merry-go-round. One student sits on a horse near the outside rail. The other student sits on a horse near the inside rail. Which of the following is a true statement about these students?Both students have the same rotational speed.When heated a material becomes _________, and when cooled it becomes ________, unless it is ________.larger, smaller, waterHeat is the __________.energy transferred between objects because of a temperature differenceDuring a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst. The reason for this is _____.water expands when freezingWater freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees according to the ________ temperature scale.FahrenheitWater freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees according to the ________ temperature scale.CelsiusTwo blocks of different metals are heated until both give a temperature of 100 degrees. Each block is the same mass and shape. The blocks are then dropped into separate containers that each hold 1 gallon of water at 50 degrees. After reaching thermal equilibrium the container with block A is at 80 degrees and the container with block B is at 55 degrees. Which of the statements below is true?Block A has a higher specific heat capacity.How much energy is required to raise 20 g of water from 35 °C to 50 °C? Water possesses a specific heat capacity of 1 cal/g°C.300 calTemperature is related mostly to the ______________ of the molecules in a substance.average molecular kinetic energyA 100 gram sample of iron at 50°C sits in a 100 gram sample of liquid water at 50°C. Water has a specific heat of 1 cal/g°C and iron has a specific heat of 0.12 cal/g°C. Which direction will heat flow?Heat will flow from the iron to the water because water has a high er specific heat capacityThe amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius is called a(n) ________.calorieThe heat of melting for water is 80cal/g. How much energy is needed to melt 10g of ice?800 cal________ takes the form of electromagnetic waves which include radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays.Radiant energyHow much energy is released as 10g of water condenses from steam at 100∘C into liquid at 100∘C? How much energy is absorbed as 10g of water evaporates from liquid at 100∘C into steam at 100∘C?5400 cal released, 5400 cal absorbedTo say that evaporation is a cooling process means that when evaporation occurs, ________.the remaining liquid coolsAs atmospheric pressure increases, the boiling temperature of a liquid ___________.increases.Heat transfer caused by currents in a fluid or gas is known as __________.ConvectionConsider the following situation involving multiple types of heat transfer: 1) First, sunlight passes through the window of a two story house and warms the floor.2) Next, air molecules are warmed up as they collide with the warm floor.3) Then, warm air molecules travel upward, making the second story of the house warmer than the first story. Which of these is an example of heat transfer by conduction?air molecules are warmed up as they collide with the warm floorTwo jugs of ice water are placed outside on a hot day. One jug is black, the other is white. What is the correct reason why the ice in the black jug melts faster than the ice in the white jug?The black jug is a better absorber and emitter of radiant energy than the white jugWhy does a piece of metal feel colder to the touch than a piece of paper, even though they are the same temperature?The metal is a good conductor and quickly pulls heat away from your handWhich situation below best demonstrates the greenhouse effect?Radiant energy enters through the windows of a parked car and cannot escape, causing the inside of the car to warm up.If 10 J of energy is added to a system that does 4 J of external work, by how much will the internal energy of that system be raised?6 JWhich of the following is NOT common to all heat engines?Net decrease in entropyWhich of the following is NOT a law of thermodynamics?Change in air temperature is proportional to change in air pressure.Increasing the maximum operating temperature of a heat engine will cause it to be ___________.more efficient.As a system becomes more disordered, entropy ________.increases1,000 J of energy is added to a system that does no external work. What must be true about this situation?The system has increased in temperatureCalculate the ideal efficiency of a power plant that runs between temperatures 1000 K and 500 K.50 percent1,000 j of energy is added to a system. If no temperature change is observed in this system, what must be true?The system has grown larger as external work is performedThe ideal efficiency for a heat engine operating between temperatures of 2050 K and 310 K is _____.85%.Systems that are left alone tend to move toward a state of ________ and ________.more entropy, less order