LI 7 - Psycho-Social Health Behavior Models

Which prevention is pre-pathologic, preventative, and sets goals to protect health, prevent disease, and promote health?
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 46
Terms in this set (46)
Which prevention is pre-pathologic, preventative, and sets goals to protect health, prevent disease, and promote health?
Primary prevention
Which prevention has a pathology that is present, treats patients with a recent injury, or who has been recently diagnosed in the early stages of a chronic condition or disease to limit impairment and disability?
Secondary prevention
Which prevention has a pathology that is present, places patients through long-standing conditions, and provides a rehab goal following SIGNIFICANT impairment or disability?
Tertiary prevention
A value expectancy model that suggests that a person's belief in a personal threat of an illness or disease together with a person's belief in the effectiveness of the recommended health behavior or action will predict the likelihood the person will adopt the behavior
Health Belief Model
What are the 5 components of the Health Belief Model?
Self-efficacy
Perceived Susceptibility
Perceived Severity
Perceived Benefits
Perceived Barriers
An individual's belief in his or her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments; locus of control
Self-efficacy
A person's feelings on the SERIOUSNESS of contracting an illness or disease (or leaving the illness/disease untreated) - considers the medical consequences (e.g., death/disability) and social consequences (e.g., family life, social relationships)
Perceived Severity

"I have the condition, but I won't do anything about it"
A person's subjective perception of the risk of acquiring an illness or disease. There is wide variation in a person's feelings of personal vulnerability to an illness or disease
Perceived Susceptibility

"it's not gonna happen to me"
A person's perception of the EFFECTIVENESS of various actions available to reduce the threat of illness or disease (or to cure illness or disease)
Perceived Benefits
A person's feelings on the OBSTACLES to performing a recommended health action - leads to a cost/benefit analysis, weighing the effectiveness of the actions against the perceptions that it may be expensive, dangerous (e.g., side effects), unpleasant (e.g., painful), time-consuming, or inconvenient
Perceived Barriers
Which theory predicts an individual's intention to engage in a behavior at a specific TIME and PLACE (intended to explain all behaviors over which people have the ability to exert self-control)?Theory of Reasoned Action & Planned BehaviorWhat are the 6 constructs of the Theory of Reasoned Action & Planned Behavior?Attitudes Behavioral intention Subjective norms Social norms Perceived power Perceived behavioral controlWhich construct refers to the degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior of interest (entails a consideration of the outcomes of performing the behavior)?AttitudesWhich construct refers to the motivational factors that influence a given behavior where the stronger the intention to perform the behavior, the more likely the behavior will be performed?Behavioral intentionWhich construct refers to the belief about whether most people approve or disapprove of the behavior. It relates to a person's beliefs about whether peers and people of importance to the person think he or she should engage in the behavior.Subjective normsWhich construct refers to the customary codes of behavior in a normative, standard, a group of people, or larger cultural context?Social normsWhich construct refers to the perceived presence of factors that may facilitate or impede the performance of a behavior (contributes to behavioral control)?Perceived powerWhich construct refers to a person's perception of the ease or difficulty of performing the behavior of interest?Perceived behavioral control (it varies across situations and actions, which results in a person having varying perceptions of behavioral control depending on the situation)What are the 5 stages of the Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change)?Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance (P.C.P.A.M)In this stage, people do not intend to take action in the foreseeable future (defined as within the next 6 months). People are often unaware that their behavior is problematic or produces negative consequences, underestimate the pros of changing behavior and place too much emphasis on the cons of changing behavior.Precontemplation NO intent [sounds good]In this stage, people are intending to start the healthy behavior in the foreseeable future (defined as within the next 6 months). People recognize that their behavior may be problematic, and a more thoughtful and practical consideration of the pros and cons of changing the behavior takes place, with equal emphasis placed on both.Contemplation "Ok maybe someday"In this stage, people are ready to take action within the next 30 days. People start to take small steps toward the behavior change, and they believe changing their behavior can lead to a healthier life.Preparation "Getting closer"In this stage, people have recently changed their behavior (defined as within the last 6 months) and intend to keep moving forward with that behavior change. People may exhibit this by modifying their problem behavior or acquiring new healthy behaviors.ActionIn this stage, people have sustained their behavior change for a while (defined as more than 6 months) and intend to maintain the behavior change going forward. People in this stage work to prevent relapse to earlier stages.MaintenanceThe beginning of REAL change includesMaintenance & Termination (does not mean stop)Phase Models of Psychosocial Adaptation include (in order):Shock Anxiety Denial Depression Anger Externalized hostility Acknowledgment AdjustmentWhat is the INITIAL reaction to psychological trauma or severe and sudden physical injury?SHOCK!!!What is a form of panic-stricken reaction commonly occurring and marked by compulsive activity, confusion, elevated pulse rate, difficulty breathing, and cognitive flooding?AnxietyWhat is a defense mechanism to alleviate the anxiety and pain associated with a disability or illness?DenialWhat are the 7 types of denial (not sure if we have to know this)?1. Denial of threatening information 2. Denial of vulnerability 3. Denial of urgency 4. Denial of effect 5. Denial of affect relevance 6. Denial of personal relevance 7. Denial of all informationWhich type of denial uses SELECTIVE inattention and partial awareness (not sure if we have to know this)?Denial of threatening informationWhich type of denial EXERTS control and MAXIMIZES personal strengths (not sure if we have to know this)?Denial of vulnerabilityWhich type of denial uses methods to see the situation as LESS PRESSING than it is (not sure if we have to know this)?Denial of urgencyWhich type of denial reduces emotional IMPACT (not sure if we have to know this)?Denial of effectWhich type of denial diverts attention to other issues and believes that emotion is coming from an UNRELATED cause (not sure if we have to know this)?Denial of affect relevanceWhich type of denial attributes difficulties to a benign cause and blaming others when involvement was one's own (not sure if we have to know this)?Denial of personal relevanceWhich type of denial creates a barrier between external reality and one's psyche resulting in TOTAL DISBELIEF of having an illness or disability (not sure if we have to know this)?Denial of all informationAs denial __________ (lessens/increases), depression __________ (fails/occurs)lessens; occursA reactive response of bereavement for impending death, suffering, or the loss of body functionDepressionOccurs in reaction to anxiety, misperception, threats of abandonment, feelings of helplessness, or fear of losing controlAngerCharacteristics of anger includehostility resentment hatredAssociated with self-blame and is a manifestation of self-directed bitterness and resentmentInternalized angerWhat are the signs and symptoms of internalized anger?manipulation sabotage passive-aggressive behaviorAnger directed toward other people or objects in the environment and is an attempt to retaliate against activity limitationsExternalized hostilityFinal phase in adaptation and involves the development of new ways of interacting successfully with others and one's environmentAdjustmentHow is the Phase Model of Psychosocial Adaptation different for chronic disease (MS) vs. sudden acute/catastrophic illness (TBI)?TRAUMATIC: the onset of the disability is sudden, and medical stability may be achieved shortly after. CHRONIC: the onset is usually insidious and gradual; its course is often uncertain and marked by states of remission and deterioration. In chronic illness, each onset of symptoms can be experienced as a new illness.