PSY 383 Chapter 3

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In the calculation of values for the Rescorla-Wagner model, what is the initial strength of the association at Trial 1? (Vn)
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In the calculation of values for the Rescorla-Wagner model, what is the initial strength of the association at Trial 1? (Vn)
there is no association, the strength is 0
Brianna's dog ate leftover fish from the kitchen floor and became ill. A week later, her dog found leftover fish on the floor again but avoided it and ate the broccoli instead. Which concept of associationism would this support?
preparedness
Which of the following would result in the most optimal classical conditioning?
delay conditioning
According to a study by Moeller, the best inter-stimulus interval (ISI) between the US and the CS for optimal conditioning is:
450ms
In the Rescorla-Wagner model, a typical example of classical conditioning will demonstrate increases of:
the strength of the association with each trial
Why would paradigms like simultaneous and backward conditioning fail to capture the idea of conditioning as an adaptive process?
the CS must precede the US to allow the organism to prepare for upcoming events
Frequency as a principle of associationism is best explained by a rapid increase in strength of associations in early trials but smaller increases with more trials. This gradual decline is called:
asymptote
In the Rescorla-Wanger model, the two constants represent:
the maximum strength of the association and the speed of conditioning
According to Kamin (1969), the reason that blocking prevents conditioning to a new element after pre-conditioning to an earlier element is:
the CS US pairing is not surprising
Based on what you know of blocking, predict the next sequence of events. A group of rats was conditioned to expect a shock when they see a light. A researcher then pairs a bell sound with the light and the shock on several more trials. Later, when the researcher played the bell sound by itself:
the rats will not react
Arthur presented rats with a tone for 4.5 seconds and a shock during the last 0.5 seconds of the tone. This is an example of:delay conditioningAccording to Rescorla, which of the following would result in the lowest contingency (weakest evidence of conditioning)? (<--> is a 5 second delay)shock <--> shock <--> noise + shock <--> noise <--> shockAccording to Rescorla, which of the following would result in the highest contingency (and strongest evidence of conditioning)? (<--> is a 5 second delay)noise + shock <--> noise <--> noise + shock <--> noiseAnnau and Kamin (1961) showed us that when stronger shocks are paired with a tone, the suppression ratio is lower. Which principle of associationism does this support?intensityIn her experiment, Sarah presented a light to a sample of rats for several trials. Later, she paired this light with a shock to each rat. Given what you know about preexposure effects, what should she expect to see if she measures the resulting fear response using the suppression ratio?the suppression ratio will be unchanged, but it will take longer to achieveWhich of the following is not one of the criteria we use to evaluate the Rescorla-Wagner model?ability to verify other modelsThe two-system hypothesis proposes that we have two systems of learning:an associative and cognitive systemThe Rescorla-Wagner model has been shown to account for extinction, but what crucial change must we first make to the formula to account for the removal of the US from conditioning trials?Vmax must be equal to 0The Rescorla-Wagner model is said to account for the phenomena of blocking - what does the model predict when noise (CS1) has an associative strength of 0.8 and light (CS2) has no associative strength (value of 0.0)?predicts no change in associative strength of light (CS2)In comparing Pavlov's and Tolman's theories of the nature of association, which of the following pieces of evidence provides strong support for Tolman's idea that the CS provides an expectation for the US?dogs who were conditioned to salivate at the sight of a light would search for the food when the light came onWhich of the following phenomena was used as evidence for the Rescorla-Wagner model's ability to explain new and unknown phenomena?over-expectationIn comparing Pavlov's and Tolman's theories of the nature of association, which of the following pieces of evidence provides strong support for Pavlov's idea that the CS becomes a substitute for the US?dogs who were conditioned to salivate at the sight of a light also tried to eat the source of the lightLeDoux (1994) suggested that the neural evidence for our cognitive learning system comes from:the indirect path from sensory modalities to the amygdalaIn the example of the over-expectation effect in class, a sample of rats demonstrated a decrease in fear to a compound of conditioned stimuli despite showing a strong fear response to each conditioned stimulus separately. Which of the following ideas would this phenomenon support?the association of the compound with shock inhibited the associations of each separate stimulus with shock