Microbio Ch.6

A _________ is a proteinaceous infectious agent that comprises protein only and lacks genetic information.
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A _________ is a proteinaceous infectious agent that comprises protein only and lacks genetic information.
prion
Lysogenic conversion of which bacterial species by phage β results in increased pathogenicity of the bacteria?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
_________ are similar to viroids in that they also consist only of a nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA); these agents require a helper virus to replicate and infect host cells.
Satellites
The _________ dose is the dose that causes 50% of the host organisms to become infected.
infectious
Drag the items to their corresponding class in order to compare the composition of various types of infectious agents.
Image: Drag the items to their corresponding class in order to compare the composition of various types of infectious agents.
A newly isolated virus has been analyzed for its chemical structure, and has been found to contain DNA, protein, and lipids. Based on this information, identify its type by choosing the best answer below.
Enveloped virus
Label the diagram showing the structure of an enveloped virus.
Image: Label the diagram showing the structure of an enveloped virus.
The _________ stage in the life cycle of viruses differs greatly because of the different types of nucleic acids found in each virus.
synthesis
Assess the various stages of a viral one-step growth curve and apply them to the appropriate point on the graph.
Image: Assess the various stages of a viral one-step growth curve and apply them to the appropriate point on the graph.
Eukaryotic viruses can cause microscopic or macroscopic degenerative changes or abnormalities in host cells and in tissues that are distinct from lysis. These are called _________.
cytopathic effects
Release of naked (nonenveloped) viruses occurs most often by _________.lysisThe study of viruses is known as _________.virologyChoose the answer below that defines the structure of a viroid.Single-stranded RNA molecules forming a closed ring approximately 246-375 nucleotides in lengthLabel the diagram with the events occurring in the formation of a plaque in a lawn of bacterial cells.Label the diagram showing the types of viral infections that occur in animal cells.Label the diagram showing a generalized viral life cycle.Place the different characteristics into the appropriate category of viral symmetry.Viral surface proteins or spikes _________.provide means of attachment to host cell surfaceHuman oncoviruses trigger the onset of cancerous formations by producing proteins that bind to and inactivate host proteins known as _________.tumor suppressor proteinsAn example of lysogenic conversion by a temperate phage is _________.infection of Salmonella by epsilon phageViruses are agents that can infect all cell types; choose the correct answer to complete each sentence.Arrange the images in their proper order showing the process of animal virus entry into a host cell.Viruses that consist of a protein capsid containing nucleic acid are referred to as _________.naked virusesChoose the statement that best summarizes the characteristics of diseases caused by prions.All result in progressive degeneration of the brain and eventual death. At present, no effective treatment exists.Choose all statements that apply to animal diseases caused by prions.Label the diagram below showing bacteriophage structure.Choose the answer below that is not a human disease caused by prions.ScrapieEvaluate the statements below and choose all that are true with regard to enveloped viruses.Choose the statements that apply to helical viruses.Select the three methods that are used to cultivate animal viruses.Complete each sentence about the various types of phages and their life cycle activities.Because the size range of virions is from _________ in diameter, they cannot be seen using a _________ microscope.10 to 400 nm; bright-field (light)Categorize each method as a direct or indirect means of determining virus concentrations.A bacteriophage population is introduced to a bacterial colony that is in stationary phase with rapidly depleting nutrients. Appraise the following scenarios and select which one would favor long-term survival of the bacteriophage.The bacteriophages infect the remaining viable cells and integrate their genetic material into the host cell genome thereby preserving their genome.