✅ BIO 201: LECTURE - MODULE 1 - CH 1-3 (PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS)

What body system protects and supports the body, provides framework for the muscles to cause movement, forms blood cells and stores minerals?SkeletalWhat body system causes movement, maintains posture, and produces heat?MuscularWhat body system allows for fast acting response on internal and external changes via electrical impulses?NervousWhat body system regulates functions by secreting hormones?EndocrineWhat body system transports molecules such as oxygen, nutrients, wastes and carbon dioxide throughout the body?CardiovascularWhat body system is involved in immunity by fighting foreign substances in the body?LymphaticWhat body system breaks down food to absorb the nutrients and then eliminate the waste products left over?DigestiveWhat body system regulates water and electrolytes and also eliminates certain nitrogenous wastes?UrinaryWhat is the most inorganic chemical is the most abundant chemical in the body and constitutes 60-80% volume of living cells?WaterAn organism's ability to maintain a relatively stable environment (within a certain range or boundaries) is what?HomeostasisMost feedback mechanisms in the body are what?NegativeMaintenance of body temperature is an example of which type of feedback?NegativeMaintenance of blood glucose is an example of which type of feedback?NegativePlatelet plug formation is an example of which type of feedback?PositiveChildbirth is an example of which type of feedback?PositiveA response that reduces of shuts off original stimulus (moves in the opposite direction of original stimulus) is _____________ feedback.NegativeA response that enhances or exaggerates (increases) the original stimulus is __________ feedback.PositiveToward the front of the body; in front ofanterior (ventral)Toward the back of the body; behindposterior (dorsal)Toward the head; abovesuperiorAway from the head; belowinferiorToward the midline of the bodymedialaway from the midline of the body; on the outer side oflateralCloser to the trunk of the bodyproximalFarther from the trunk of the bodydistalThe hip is __________ to the groin.lateralThe wrist is __________ to the elbow.distalThe knee is _________ to the foot.proximalThe sternum/breastbone is _________ to the lungs.medialThe heart is __________ to the vertebral column.anteriorThe scapular region is __________ to the mammary region.PosteriorWhat cavity houses the brain?cranial cavityWhat cavity houses the heart?pericardial cavityWhat cavity houses the lungs?pleural cavityWhat cavity houses the reproductive organs?Abdominopelvic cavityWhat cavity contains the heart and lungs?thoracic cavityWhat cavity contains the eyes?orbital cavityWhat cavity is closed to the environment and is formed by a type of joint?Synovial cavityWhat body plane divides the body into left and right sections?sagittal planeWhat body plane divides the body into equal right and left parts?midsagittal planeWhat body plane divides the body into superior and inferior sections?Transverse planeWhat body plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?frontal(or coronal) planeWhich form of energy is stored in chemical bonds and is released when bonds are broken?chemicalWhich form of energy results from movement of charged (positive and negative) particles?electricalWhich form of energy is involved in moving matter?mechanicalWhich form of energy is part of the electromagnetic spectrum and travels in waves (such as x-rays and visible light)?radiantWhat are the top 4 most abundant elements in the body?Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen & NitrogenProtons are __________ charged and found in the __________ of an atom.Positively/NucleusElectrons are __________ charged and found in the __________ of an atom.Negatively/OrbitNeutrons are __________ charged and found in the __________ of an atom.Neutrally/NuleusSaline (salt water) is an example of a __________.SolutionBlood is an example of a __________.SuspensionCytosine is an example of a ____________.ColloidAtmospheric air is an example of ________.SolutionWhat is formed when an atom gains one or more electrons, causing it to become negatively charged?AnionWhat is formed when an atom loses one or more electrons, causing it to become positively charged?CationWhat is formed when two of more atoms are bonded together?MoleculeWhat type of bond is formed when one atoms loses electron(s) and another atom gains electron(s)?IonicWhat type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons equally?nonpolar covalentWhat type of bond is forms when two atoms share electrons unequally?Polar covalentWhat type of bond, that isn't a true bond (doesn't form molecules), but is important in holding large molecules in a three-dimensional shape?HydrogenWhat type of reactions results in the formation of macromolecules from smaller subunits?AnabolicWhat type of reaction breaks larger molecules down into smaller parts by breaking bonds?CatabolicWhat important properties of water helps the body maintain a normal body temperature through sweating?High heat of vaporizationWhat important properties of water helps the body transport dissolved substances?Polar solvent propertiesWhat important properties of water helps protect the body from physical trauma?CushioningThe follow belong to which organic category: glucose, starch & glycogenCarbohydrates___________ is a polysaccharide (carbohydrate) stored in the liver and muscles of animals.Glycogen___________ is a polysaccharide (carbohydrate) used as food storage in plants.Starch__________ is a simple carbohydrate used as a major source of cellular food.GlucoseThe following belong to which organic category: triglycerides, steroids, cholesterolLipidsWhat lipid is found to make up the majority of a cell (plasma) membrane?PhospholipidThe following belong to which organic category: keratin, hormones, enzymesProteinsSubunits or monomers of proteins are:Amino acidsThe following belong to which organic category: DNA, RNA, ATPNucleic AcidsDouble-stranded, contains sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous bass, provides instructions for protein synthesis:DNASingle-stranded, contains dust, phosphate group, nitrogenous base, responsible for carrying the "code" out of the nucleus:RNAWhat nucleotide directly powers chemical reactions in cells?ATPPassive transport in which substances move down their concentration gradient across a selectively permeable membrane is called __________.DiffusionPassive transport in which only water moves across a selectively permeable membrane is called __________.OsmosisA red blood cell will stay the same when placed in a(n) __________ solution.IsotonicA red blood cell will shrink when placed in a(n) __________ solution.HypertonicA red blood cell will swell when placed in a(n) ___________ solution.HypotonicWhat type of transport moves solutes against their concentration gradient?ActiveWhat type of active transport moves substances into a cell and is used by macrophages and some white blood cells? (Also called "cell eating.")PhagocytosisWhat active transport moves liquid substances into a cell? (Also called "cell drinking.")PinocytosisWhat type of active transport moves quantities of substances out of a cell?ExocytosisWhat are the components of cytoplasm?Water, solutes & organellesWhich cellular extension moves substances across a cell surface?CiliaWhich cellular extension moves whole cells?FlagellaWhich cellular extension increases surface area of a cell for absorption?MicrovilliA segment of DNA with blueprint for one polypeptide is a ___________.Gene